To evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on various ophthalmologic parameters in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD).

Subjects: patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis at the Dialysis Center of Hanyang Guri Hospital

Ocular parameters: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length, OCT Other systemic parameters: body weight, ultrafiltration volume, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure

All measurements were performed near the dialysis center. Measurements were performed on Monday (for patients who underwent dialysis sessions on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) or Tuesday (for patients who underwent dialysis sessions on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.

All parameters were measured before and after the hemodialysis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1) patients who are regularly dialyzed in our dialysis room to participate in the study
• 2) patients who agree with our study protocol
• 3) patients who have unstable general condition

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1) previous intraocular surgery, (2) baseline IOP greater than 22 mmHg, (3) presence of glaucomatous optic disc changes including excavation, thinning, or notching of the neuroretinal rim, (4) axial length greater than 26 mm, and (5) combined macular and retinal diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, except diabetic retinopathy.

patients with end-stage renal disease who undergoing hemodialysis