Effect of Premeal Protein-bar on Food Intake

An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Premeal Consumption of Protein-enriched, Dietary Fiber-fortified Cereal Bar on Food Intake in Healthy Subjects

The aim of this study is to explore premeal protein-enriched bar effect in food intake in healthy subjects.

Twenty healthy subjects will be recruited. Every subject will be randomized in 6 groups and studied on 3 separate days in random order with 1 week intervals. These participants will consume protein enriched bar, commercial cereal bar, or water followed by a standardized diet (gimbap). For study outcomes, food intake, appetite and satiety (visual analog scale), plasma glucose, and satiety related hormone will be measured. Blood sampling will be done before 15 min of breakeast, at the moment of start of breakfast (0 min), and then 30, 60, 90, 120 min. Plasma glucose levels, total/active GLP-1, ghrelin, total PYY will be measured.

• Inclusion Criteria:

  • BMI 18.5~35 kg/m2
  • Never diagnosed by diabetes
  • Fasting plasma glucose <=100mg/dl and HbA1c <6.0%

• Exclusion Criteria:

  • Those who diagnosed by Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes
  • Allergy to wheat, flour, nuts, milk
  • Pregnancy/lactation
  • AST or ALT >2.5 times of upper normal reference range
  • eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2
  • Hb <10g/dl
  • History of GI surgery (except hemorrhoidectomy, appendectomy)