Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard procedure for treating rectal cancer. However, in patients with obesity, prostate hypertrophy, low located tumor or/and pelvic stenosis, the traditional laparoscopic or open surgery is not easy to conduct. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) might serve as a better procedure for these patients, for it might ease the dissection of the low mesorectum. So far, several studies have showed the promising results of TaTME, but the multi-center data in China is still lacking. This nationwide registry study included more than 30 Chinese hospitals, aiming at obtaining data on the safety and efficacy of this procedure in Chinese patients with rectal cancer and encouraging future research in this field.

Inclusion Criteria:

• malignant or benign neoplasms of the rectum
• the lower edge of the tumor from the anal margin less than 10cm according to MRI or rigid endoscopy
• tolerable to surgery
• be able to understand and willing to participate in this registry with signature

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients requiring emergency surgery such as obstruction，perforation and bleeding
• tumor involving adjacent organs, anal sphincter, or levator ani muscle
• muti-focal colorectal cancer
• preoperative poor anal function, anal stenosis, anal injury, or fecal incontinence
• history of inflammatory bowel disease or familial adenomatous polyposis
• can not tolerate the surgery
• history of serious mental illness
• pregnancy or lactating women
• preoperative uncontrolled infection
• the researchers believe the patients should not enrolled in

patients with middle-lower rectal neoplasms who are suitable and willing to accept TaTME procedure and also agree with the registry