The process of population aging that is occurring in developed societies represents a major challenge for the health system. The aim of this study is to analyze factors that have an influence on early vascular aging (EVA), estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), and to determine differences by gender in a Chinese population.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Patients aged 35 to 85 years who agree to participate in the study and do not meet any of the exclusion criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Subjects who are in terminal condition, who cannot travel to the health centers to undergo the corresponding examinations, and those who do not wish to sign the informed consent.

  • Subjects with a history of CVD (ischemic heart disease or stroke, peripheral arterial disease or heart failure), diagnosed renal failure in terminal stages (glomerular filtration rate below 30%), chronic inflammatory disease, or acute inflammatory process in the past three months.
  • Patients treated with estrogens, testosterone, or growth hormone.

Study population It will be the urban population attached to the Health Center of Shanghai. Using a random sampling stratified by age groups and gender, 300 subjects will be selected in each group (150 males and 150 females), aged 35 to 85 years.