A mixed methods randomized control trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of Pathways Triple P with child welfare involved families compared to treatment as usual. Outcomes tested included parenting behaviors and attitudes, and child behavior problems. 144 families were recruited into the study. Data was collected at 4 time points (baseline, 4 months, 9 months, and 18 months). Over 70% were retained from baseline to 18 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Families with open child protective service case following allegation of child physical abuse or neglect
• parent of child between the age of 3 and 12
• Child remained in the home following investigation
• parent spoke English

Exclusion Criteria:

• parent's child could not have chronic medical condition or have a pervasive developmental delay