Neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) is a rare but often severe respiratory disorder. The incidence remains unclear and mortality is about 30%-60%. It is characterized by acute, refractory hypoxemia, persistent respiratory distress and decreased lung compliance. Evaluation and comparison of various clinical studies conducted were hindered by a lack of uniformity in diagnostic criteria.

In 2017, the neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) Consortium Working Group has proposed diagnostic criteria for neonatal ARDS. The study consists of a prospective, multicentre, web-based,cohort study in China in which neonates who fulfil the new criteria definition are enrolled in order to: describe the epidemiology, clinical course, and prognosis of neonates affected by neonatal ARDS; identify a list of risk factors for neonatal ARDS, as it exists for adults and older children with ARDS; and guide future studies.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Acute onset (ie, within one week) from a known or suspected clinical insult
• Exclusion criteria: RDS, TTN, or congenital anomalies as a primary current acute respiratory condition
• Diffuse, bilateral, and irregular opacities or infiltrates, or complete opacification of the lungs, which are not fully explained by local effusions, atelectasis, RDS, TTN, or congenital anomalies
• Absence of congenital heart disease explaining the oedema (this includes ductus arteriosus with pulmonary overflow if no acute pulmonary haemorrhage exists). Echocardiography is needed to verify the origin of oedema.
• Mild ARDS: 4≤OI<8;Moderate ARDS: 8≤OI<16;Severe ARDS: OI≥16

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hyaline Membrane Disease defined as:

Mandatory criteria : defined as respiratory distress syndrome appearing within the first 24 hours of life, with response to surfactant and / or volume recruitment. Additional criteria : Lung imaging Supporting the diagnosis and / or lamellar body counts < 30,000 / mm3.

• Transient tachypnea of the neonate (wet lung) defined as:

Mandatory criteria : defined as mild ( Silverman score ≤3 ) respiratory distress appearing within the first 24 hours of life and ending within the first 48 hours of life, needing only oxygen administration and / or CPAP. Additional criteria : Lung imaging Supporting the diagnosis and / or lamellar body counts > 30,000 / mm3.

- Patients beyond the first month of life

the definition of neonatal ARDS applies to infants from birth until 44 weeks, post-menstrual age or until 4 weeks, postnatal age (for neonates born after 40 weeks, post-menstrual age) to account for the role of prematurity; ARDS in infants older than these age limits should be diagnosed according to PALICC definition