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This study aimed to compare the effects between sunlight exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic markers in Korean young adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunlight Exposure | Experimental | Everyday sunlight exposure around noon for 20-30 minutes for 8 weeks |
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| Vitamin D Supplementation | Experimental | Supplementation of vitamin D3 500 IU/day for 8 weeks |
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| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Intake of placebo for 8 weeks |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunlight Exposure | Behavioral |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum 25(OH)D | Changes in serum 25(OH)D levels in ng/mL | Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| BMI | Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 | Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| Systolic blood pressure | Systolic blood pressure changes in mmHg |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hee-Kyung Joh, PhD | Seoul National University College of Medicine/Seoul National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30987813 | Derived | Joh HK, Hwang SS, Cho B, Lim CS, Jung SE. Effect of sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young adults: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;39(3):727-736. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.021. Epub 2019 Mar 21. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014808 | Vitamin D Deficiency |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001361 | Avitaminosis |
| D003677 | Deficiency Diseases |
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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| Vitamin D Supplementation | Dietary Supplement | - Supplementation of vitamin D3 500 IU/day for 8 weeks |
|
| Placebo | Other | - Intake of placebo for 8 weeks |
|
| Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure changes in mmHg | Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| Lipid panel | Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| Fasting glucose | Serum fasting glucose in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| AST | Serum AST levels in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| ALT | Serum ALT levels in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| GGT | Serum AST, ALT, and GGT levels in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| Intact PTH | Serum intact PTH levels in mg/dL | Baseline and 8 week |
| Whole body BMD and BMC | Whole body BMD (g/cm^2) and BMC (kg) measured by DEXA | Baseline and 8 week |
| Lean body mass, fat mass, and percent fat | Lean body mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by DEXA | Baseline and 8 week |
| Lean body mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and percent fat | Lean body mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by body impedance analysis | Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| EQ-5D-5L | Quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L scale. The EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health status. In description part, health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The respondents self-rate their level of severity for each dimension using three-level (EQ-5D-3L) or five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. The 5-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) was developed to improve such constraints of the three-level scale. EQ-5D-5L scale can define 3,125 (=5^5) different health states, and the 5-digit number can be converted into a preference weight which is also referred to as a single weighted index score. The index score of a value set derived from the general population sample can be regarded as a "societal valuation of the respondent's health state" in that country. | Baseline, 4 week, and 8 week |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |