System-wide implementation of intervention prevented randomized trial design

The goal of the proposed study is to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to address pain management in the inpatient setting while appropriately managing pain and optimizing patient safety in the inpatient setting. This strategy involves developing a new health Information Technology tool in the Omnicell and electronic medical record, implementing a "menu" of pain management and relaxation strategies, and developing educational materials for staff and patients to change the culture of pain management.

The goal of the proposed study is to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to address pain management in the inpatient setting while appropriately managing pain and optimizing patient safety in the inpatient setting. This strategy involves developing a new health Information Technology tool in the Omnicell and electronic medical record, implementing a "menu" of pain management and relaxation strategies, and developing educational materials for staff and patients to change the culture of pain management.

This intervention will be implemented throughout CHS hospitals, using a stepped wedge design to guide rollout. The initial pilot will be conducted in the trauma inpatient units at Carolinas Medical Center. All patients admitted to the two primary trauma units (11A and 11 Tower) during the pilot study period will be included in the evaluation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients treated in facility as inpatient during the study period will be included in the analysis.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients not admitted to facility during the study period will be excluded from the analysis.

No IPD will be made available to other researchers.