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Budgetary issues
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology | OTHER |
| University of California, Irvine | OTHER |
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Pain is a symptom that drives hospital admissions, and pain management is required by most patients during their hospital stay. Further, the use of medications such as opioids can lead to upward-spiraling doses, especially among chronic pain patients whose resource utilization rates are high. Many initiatives aim to reduce the costs of these "high-resource utilizing" patients. One exciting aspect of improving the management of pain is that this may help prevent patients from ever becoming high-cost in the first place. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of an early and sustained intervention pathway, in comparison to the current standard of care, for the treatment of pain in opioid tolerant patients. It is hypothesized that patients randomized to the intervention pathway, in comparison to the control, will lead to decreased costs of care, a reduction in opioid usage within 3 and 6 months, and decrease in hospital readmission rates.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Those randomized into the control group will receive the current standard of care for pain management. This standard care pathway involves a pain management specialist consultation only at the request of the primary admitting team. The pain management consultation can occur at any time during the patient's inpatient stay and care by these specialists ends at discharge. | |
| Treatment Group | Experimental | Subjects randomized into the treatment (early intervention) group will receive the New Clinical Pathway: pain management care coordinated by pain-management specialists from inpatient admission through 60 days after discharge. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Clinical Pathway | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Returns to Acute Care | Hospital Readmissions and Emergency Department Utilizations | Discharge through 90 days post-discharge |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid Analgesic Use | Quantification of opioid analgesic use over time | Discharge through 90 days post-discharge |
| Opioid Analgesic Use | Quantification of opioid analgesic use over time |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Padma Gulur, MD | Duke University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, Irvine Medical Center | Orange | California | 92868 | United States | ||
| Duke University Medical Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24084922 | Background | Raebel MA, Newcomer SR, Reifler LM, Boudreau D, Elliott TE, DeBar L, Ahmed A, Pawloski PA, Fisher D, Donahoo WT, Bayliss EA. Chronic use of opioid medications before and after bariatric surgery. JAMA. 2013 Oct 2;310(13):1369-76. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.278344. | |
| 25203874 | Background | Brown EG, Burgess D, Li CS, Canter RJ, Bold RJ. Hospital readmissions: necessary evil or preventable target for quality improvement. Ann Surg. 2014 Oct;260(4):583-9; discussion 589-91. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000923. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| D004630 | Emergencies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
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| Admission through 12 months post-discharge |
| Opioid Tolerance Status | Opioid tolerance as inferred from opioid prescription and usage per FDA exposure threshold definition for opioid tolerance. | Admission through 12 months post-discharge |
| Pain at Discharge | Patient-reported pain at the time of discharge from index hospitalization | Measured upon day of discharge from index hospitalization; up to 18 months from the date of randomization |
| Hospital Length of Stay | Duration of index inpatient hospitalization. | Measured upon day of discharge from index hospitalization; up to 18 months from the date of randomization |
| Latency to Hospital Readmission | Time between discharge from index hospitalization to readmission | Discharge through 12 months post-discharge |
| Returns to Acute Care | Hospital Readmissions and Emergency Department Utilizations at an extended time horizon | Discharge through 12 months post-discharge |
| Healthcare Expenditures | Inpatient and outpatients costs | Admission through 12 months post-discharge |
| Use of Rescue Drugs | Antagonist usages for the reversal of index drug effects (opioid and benzodiazepine) | Admission through 12 months post-discharge |
| Durham |
| North Carolina |
| 27710 |
| United States |
| 25054400 | Background | Gulur P, Williams L, Chaudhary S, Koury K, Jaff M. Opioid tolerance--a predictor of increased length of stay and higher readmission rates. Pain Physician. 2014 Jul-Aug;17(4):E503-7. |
| 23553809 | Background | Kessler ER, Shah M, Gruschkus SK, Raju A. Cost and quality implications of opioid-based postsurgical pain control using administrative claims data from a large health system: opioid-related adverse events and their impact on clinical and economic outcomes. Pharmacotherapy. 2013 Apr;33(4):383-91. doi: 10.1002/phar.1223. |
| 23930467 | Background | Lembke A. Why doctors prescribe opioids to known opioid abusers. How cultural attitudes and financial disincentives affect the prescribing habits of physicians. Minn Med. 2013 Mar;96(3):36-7. No abstract available. |
| 24758595 | Background | Volkow ND, Frieden TR, Hyde PS, Cha SS. Medication-assisted therapies--tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2063-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1402780. Epub 2014 Apr 23. No abstract available. |
| 24525993 | Background | Pugely AJ, Martin CT, Gao Y, Mendoza-Lattes S. Causes and risk factors for 30-day unplanned readmissions after lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Apr 20;39(9):761-8. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000270. |
| 23820989 | Background | Hazratjee N, Agito M, Lopez R, Lashner B, Rizk MK. Hospital readmissions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul;108(7):1024-32. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.343. |
| 22237030 | Background | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC grand rounds: prescription drug overdoses - a U.S. epidemic. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jan 13;61(1):10-3. |
| 9236756 | Background | Bell JR. Australian trends in opioid prescribing for chronic non-cancer pain, 1986-1996. Med J Aust. 1997 Jul 7;167(1):26-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138759.x. |
| 24777731 | Background | Bot AG, Bekkers S, Arnstein PM, Smith RM, Ring D. Opioid use after fracture surgery correlates with pain intensity and satisfaction with pain relief. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Aug;472(8):2542-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3660-4. Epub 2014 Apr 29. |
| 24227700 | Background | Herzig SJ, Rothberg MB, Cheung M, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER. Opioid utilization and opioid-related adverse events in nonsurgical patients in US hospitals. J Hosp Med. 2014 Feb;9(2):73-81. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2102. Epub 2013 Nov 13. |
| 12873949 | Background | Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug;97(2):534-540. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000068822.10113.9E. |
| 19726210 | Background | Torrance N, Elliott AM, Lee AJ, Smith BH. Severe chronic pain is associated with increased 10 year mortality. A cohort record linkage study. Eur J Pain. 2010 Apr;14(4):380-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.07.006. Epub 2009 Sep 1. |
| 24802165 | Background | Pavon JM, Zhao Y, McConnell E, Hastings SN. Identifying risk of readmission in hospitalized elderly adults through inpatient medication exposure. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Jun;62(6):1116-21. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12829. Epub 2014 May 6. |
| 24854317 | Background | Muthuvel G, Tevis SE, Liepert AE, Agarwal SK, Kennedy GD. A composite index for predicting readmission following emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Jun;76(6):1467-72. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000223. |
| 25064214 | Background | Wilson GC, Cutler Quillin R 3rd, Sutton JM, Wima K, Shaw JJ, Hoehn RS, Paquette IM, Abbott DE, Shah SA. Factors related to readmission after major elective surgery. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jan;60(1):47-53. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3306-0. Epub 2014 Jul 27. |
| 25147171 | Background | Anderegg SV, Wilkinson ST, Couldry RJ, Grauer DW, Howser E. Effects of a hospitalwide pharmacy practice model change on readmission and return to emergency department rates. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014 Sep 1;71(17):1469-79. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130686. |
| 25151343 | Background | Tayne S, Merrill CA, Shah SN, Kim J, Mackey WC. Risk factors for 30-day readmissions and modifying postoperative care after gastric bypass surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2014 Sep;219(3):489-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.054. Epub 2014 May 20. |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |