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The overall aim is to investigate if circulating fatty acids and lipids are influenced by alterations in carbohydrate amount and quality.
In this isocaloric clinical cross-over trial, the investigators aim to investigate if circulating fatty acids and lipids are influenced by alterations in carbohydrate amount and quality. The investigators intend to evaluate if changes in carbohydrate quantity and quality (including sugar) influence circulating even-chain saturated fatty acids or if fatty acid-derived indices of desaturation and de novo lipogenesis are more sensitive biomarkers of carbohydrate intake. By performing untargeted lipidomic analyses, the investigators aim to search for novel lipid biomarkers of carbohydrate quantity and quality. The investigators also want to evaluate the influence of moderate alterations of carbohydrate and sugar intake on lipoproteins, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory proteins.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fat - Sugar - Fiber | Active Comparator | Intervention: consuming diets rich in fat, rich in sugar, and rich in fibers during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
|
| Fat - Fiber - Sugar | Active Comparator | Intervention: consuming diets rich in fat, rich in fiber, and rich sugar during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
|
| Sugar - Fiber - Fat | Active Comparator | Intervention: Consuming diets rich in sugar, rich in fiber, and rich in fat during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
|
| Sugar - Fat - Fiber | Active Comparator | Intervention: Consuming diets rich in sugar, rich in fat, and rich in fiber during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low carbohydrate diet | Other | Diet low in carbohydrates (38%E), but higher in total and saturated fat. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Palmitic acid in different plasma fractions | Measured by liquid gas chromatography (GC) | 14-20 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Even-chain saturated fatty acids (i.e. 14:0, 18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids | Measured by liquid GC | 14-20 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Desaturation indices end lipogenic indices | These indices are product-to-precursor fatty acids measured by GC | 14-20 days |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ulf Riserus, PhD | Uppsala University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uppsala univeristy hospital | Uppsala | 75185 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36797136 | Derived | Bajahzer MF, Rosqvist F, Friden M, Iggman D, Pingel R, Marklund M, Riserus U. Contrasting Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality and the Effects on Plasma Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2023 Mar;153(3):683-690. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Jan 13. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050528 | Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D004032 | Diet |
| D009747 |
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| Fiber - Sugar - Fat | Active Comparator | Intervention: Consuming diets rich in fiber, rich in sugar, and rich in fat during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
|
| Fiber - Fat - Sugar | Active Comparator | Intervention: consuming diets rich in fiber, rich in fat, and rich in fiber during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet. |
|
| High carbohydrate, high sugar diet | Other | Diet high in carbohydrates (53%E) and sugars, but low in wholegrain, rye and wheat fibre. |
|
| High carbohydrate, low sugar diet | Other | Diet high in carbohydrates (53%E), wholegrain, rye and wheat fibre, but low in sugars. |
|
| Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |