This is a comparative study using resected/ biopsied tumors samples collected from renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma patients who underwent surgical removal of lesions, followed by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment targting programmed cell death 1 (PD1) but developed new lesions later were also removed and stored in the biosample repository (BSR). The histology and genomic analysis of the pre-treatment and metastatic samples from the same patient would be used to find out the changes that may have lead to metastasis. Also, metastatic samples from ICB naive patients would be collected and compared with those from ICB treated patients to find out if the metastasis in treated patients was due to development of reistance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Eligible patients will include retrospectively identified patients with RCC or UC who have received treatment with ICB and achieved clinical benefit but subsequently developed a solitary new/progressive lesion that was removed surgically. Patients with other tumor types who otherwise meet criteria may be included at a later time
• Additionally, a group of patients with RCC who have undergone a metastasectomy but who did not receive treatment with ICB will be identified. These patients may be approached for study participation to serve as a comparator group

Exclusion Criteria:

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RCC and UC patients who were treated with ICB but developed metastatis post-treatment that was resected