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Research has shown that music engages the brain bilaterally throughout cortical and subcortical regions, accessing extended sensorimotor, cognitive and affective networks. This research explores the hypothesis that use of these shared neural networks allows neurologic music therapy interventions targeting upper extremity motor control to promote plasticity and functional improvements in persons recovering from a cerebrovascular accident. The potential therapeutic benefits of these interventions on attentional processes and affective responding will also be examined.
More individuals are surviving and living with the effects of stroke, a trend that is expected to continue. Upper extremity limitations present a common, persistent challenge for stroke survivors, impacting quality of life. In addition, links have been found between physical impairment and depression, and depression and stroke-induced cognitive impairment. Music has been shown to exert multimodal effects on individuals and may be used as a mediating stimulus to promote therapeutic change. Furthermore, motor imagery may enhance the effectiveness of upper extremity interventions by engaging the same brain areas that are active in physical movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of therapeutic instrumental music performance and sensory-enhanced motor imagery on upper limb movement, affect and cognition following a stroke. Participants will be assessed at two baselines, and randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: therapeutic instrumental music performance, therapeutic instrumental music performance and sensory-enhanced motor imagery, or therapeutic instrumental music performance and motor imagery without sensory enhancement.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance | Experimental | Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance is a Neurologic Music Therapy technique in which selection of instruments, spatial configurations and sequences for playing are designed to facilitate retraining of movement patterns used in everyday life. Participants will receive nine individual forty-five minute sessions of Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance, three sessions per week. |
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| Therapeutic Performance with Sensory-Enhanced Motor Imagery | Experimental | Participants will receive nine individual sessions, three times per week: thirty minutes of Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance, followed by fifteen minutes of sensory-enhanced motor imagery. During sensory-enhanced motor imagery, participants will listen to a metronome set to their preferred pace for previously practised movements while engaging in motor imagery. |
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| Therapeutic Performance with Motor Imagery | Experimental | Participants will receive nine individual sessions, three times per week: thirty minutes of Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance, followed by fifteen minutes of motor imagery. Motor imagery will involve mental practice of previous movement exercises. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance | Behavioral | Participants will play a variety of instruments (acoustic and electronic) to facilitate retraining of everyday functional movements. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes from baseline in Wolf Motor Function Test | Measures upper extremity motor ability through timed and functional tasks. | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Changes from baseline in Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity | Performance based measure assessing motor capacity. | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Activity Log | Individuals rate quality and amount of movement during daily functional tasks. | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Trunk Impairment Scale | Assessment of upper trunk impairment using the upper trunk items of the Trunk Impairment Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Thaut, PhD | University of Toronto | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Music, University of Toronto | Toronto | Ontario | M5S2C5 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36262914 | Derived | Loria T, de Grosbois J, Haire C, Vuong V, Schaffert N, Tremblay L, Thaut MH. Music-based intervention drives paretic limb acceleration into intentional movement frequencies in chronic stroke rehabilitation. Front Rehabil Sci. 2022 Oct 3;3:989810. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.989810. eCollection 2022. |
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| Therapeutic Performance with Sensory-Enhanced Motor Imagery | Behavioral | Participants will listen to a metronome set to their preferred pace for previously practised movements while engaging in motor imagery. |
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| Therapeutic Performance with Motor Imagery | Behavioral | Participants will engage in motor imagery of previously practised movements. |
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| Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised | Measure of affective state | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| General Self-Efficacy Scale | Assessment of perceived self-efficacy | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Digit Span | Assesses working memory and attention | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| Trail Making Test Part B | Assesses mental flexibility and processing speed | Baseline 1, Baseline 2 (1 week later), Post intervention of 4 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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