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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Swiss Armed Forces | OTHER |
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This study evaluates the influence of a resilience training on psychobiological factors which are related to stress and resilience in young healthy male cadets. Half of participants will join in the resilience training, while the other half take part in a control-training (diversity management training).
The resilience training (Army Resilience Training / ART) is a stress prevention program based on well established methods from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Positive Psychology adapted for the needs of Swiss Armed Forces. ART is designed for healthy subjects to learn how to get over strain.
Diversity management training (DMT) aims to promote social skills and acts as control condition. DMT is part of the military training but not mandatory for the study population.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Army Resilience Training | Experimental | Resilience training: four training sessions of 90 minutes each (in week 3, 5, 6 and 7 of military training), in classroom, psychoeducational inputs on stress management and resilience related topics, cognitive behavioral interventions and moderated exercises |
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| Diversity Management Training | Active Comparator | Diversity Management: four training sessions of 90 minutes each (in week 3, 5, 6 and 7 of military training), classroom, psychoeducational inputs on social awareness and exercises |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Army Resilience Training | Behavioral | The Army Resilience Training consists four training sessions of 90 minutes each. Participants learn to reflect their stress management (including thinking, emotions, behavioral consequences; coping strategies) and build resilience using specific strategies. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) | Change is the difference from HRV at baseline (week 2) and after resilience training (intervention) in week 9 | Weeks 2 (baseline) and 9 of the military training |
| Area under the curve (AUC) with respect to changes of salivary cortisol titer | During stress exposure; six saliva samples will be taken and analyzed for cortisol reactivity. | Weeks 2 and 9 of the military training |
| Change of Testosterone Levels | During stress exposure; four saliva samples will be taken and analyzed for testosterone levels. | Weeks 2 and 9 of the military training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intensity of acute psychological stress | Perceived stress intensity measured by Visual Analogue Scale | Weeks 2, 9 and 12 of the military training |
| Affect of acute psychological stress | Perceived stress measured by Positive Negative Affect |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Resilience | Resilience measured by following questionnaire: Brief Resilience Scale | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Psychological Resistance | Psychological Resistance measured by following questionnaire: Resilience Scale RS-11 |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hubert Annen, PhD | Military Academy at ETH Zurich | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss Military Caserne | Liestal | Basel-Landschaft | 4410 | Switzerland |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Diversity Management Training | Other | Diversity Management Training consists four training sessions of 90 minutes each. Participants learn about diversity and social awareness reflecting different situations and settings. |
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| Weeks 2, 9 and 12 of the military training |
| Stress Appraisal | Perceived stress appraisal measured by Primary and Secondary Appraisal | Weeks 2, 9 and 12 of the military training |
| Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Perceived Stress | Stress management measured by following questionnaire: Perceived Stress Questionnaire | BWeeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Stress Reactivity | Stress management measured by following questionnaire: Stress Reactivity Scale | BWeeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Coping Strategies | Stress management measured by following questionnaire: Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Cognitive Emotion Regulation | Stress management measured by following questionnaire: Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Personality | Personality measured by following questionnaire: NEO-Five Factor Inventory | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Dark Triad | Dark Triad measured by following questionnaire: Dark Triad / Dirty Dozen | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Self-Esteem | Self-Esteem measured by following questionnaire: Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Optimism | Optimism measured by following questionnaire: Life Orientation Test | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Social Support | Social Support measured by following questionnaire: Berlin Social Support Scales | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Health | Health measured by following questionnaire: Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Sleep | Sleep measured by following questionnaire: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Weeks 1 and 15 of the military training and follow-up (+7 months) |
| Leadership | Leadership measured by following questionnaire: Leader Member Exchange | Follow-up (+7 months) |