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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Portland State University | OTHER |
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This study is a randomized controlled trial that assesses the effects of an evidence based, multi-component, leadership support intervention, Resilience-Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT), using accelerated learning strategies aimed at improving Service Member resilience and readiness in the military.
The intervention is expected to increase perceptions of resilience-supportive behaviors, resilience indicators, and related behavioral health outcomes such as emotion regulation, connectedness, team cohesion, and psychological health following the training from the perspective of the Service Member.
The goal of our proposed study is to adapt our existing, evidence-based supportive leadership training for an active duty population, focusing on training junior leaders in the Army on ways they can enhance readiness and resilience in their soldiers, as well as their own resilience. The investigators draw on best practices from existing military and civilian programs in a training that is engaging, interactive, and customizable. The investigators use micro-learnings - small, bite-sized pieces of information delivered in non-traditional ways, such as short podcasts or videos to enhance the training and enable it to be integrated easily into both military and civilian jobs.
The investigators evaluate the effectiveness of our Resilience-Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT) intervention with U.S. Army soldiers stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) in the State of Washington. The study includes a control group, so the investigators can better determine whether any observed changes in our participants are due to our training programs, and not some other factor. The investigators anticipate that the training programs will have a positive impact on service member readiness and resilience, psychological health, team cohesion, and reduced loneliness.
This research is designed to benefit not only U.S. Army soldiers but across all military branches, as well as first-responders and other civilian occupations that face highly stressful situations as part of their work. Our training has the potential to positively contribute to the military by enhancing service member readiness and unit autonomy, and improving mental and physical health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Training Group Units | Experimental | Units randomized to the intervention group will go through the Resilience-Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT) |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Units randomized to the control group will be usual practice regarding resiliency training |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resilience-Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT) | Behavioral | Platoon leaders receive a 90-minute, in-person training addressing supportive supervisor behaviors and resilience |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Resilience Supportive Supervisor Behaviors - Emotional Support | Service member's perceptions of leadership emotional support behavior. Likert-type scale 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater support | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
| Resilience Supportive Supervisor Behaviors - Destigmatizing | Service member's perceptions of leadership support behavior in destigmatizing behavioral health. Likert-type scale 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater destigmatization | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
| Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR-5) | Service member's perceptions of their anger, Likert-type scale 1-5 with higher scores indicating higher levels of anger | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
| Life Satisfaction | Service member's perceptions of their general life satisfaction. Likert-type scale from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
| Unit Belonging - Subscale of the Team Cohesion Scale | Service member's perceptions degree to which they feel part of their current platoon. Likert-type scale from 1-7, with higher scores indicating more sense of belonging. | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
| Brief Loneliness Scale | Service member's perception of their own loneliness. Likert-type scale from 3-13, with higher scores indicating greater loneliness | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Active Duty Service Members Serving in one of the two Striker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCT).
Exclusion Criteria:
-
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Leslie Hammer, PhD | Oregon Health and Science University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joint Base Lewis McChord | Tacoma | Washington | 98433 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39146072 | Derived | Mohr C, Hammer L, Dimoff J, Allen S, Lee J, Arpin S, McCabe S, Brockwood K, Bodner T, Mahoney L, Dretsch M, Britt T. Supportive-leadership training to improve social connection: A cluster-randomized trial demonstrating efficacy in a high-risk occupational context. J Occup Health Psychol. 2024 Oct;29(5):299-316. doi: 10.1037/ocp0000384. Epub 2024 Aug 15. |
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No participants who were enrolled were excluded from the study before assignment to groups.
Recruitment of Service Members at all levels within the participating Battalions occurred during the month of September 2019. An Operations Order was delivered to Battalion leaders to send out an email, created by the research team, which explained the study, that participation was voluntary and confidential, and provided a link to an online survey. These emails were forwarded from the Battalion leadership to lower ranking leaders, who then sent to their individual unit members.
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Intervention Condition | Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the intervention condition. |
| FG001 | Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Control Condition | Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the control condition. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Service members in a randomized battalion
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Intervention Condition | Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the intervention condition. The Platoon Leaders of service members in this condition were assigned to completed the Readiness Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT). |
| BG001 |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Resilience Supportive Supervisor Behaviors - Emotional Support | Service member's perceptions of leadership emotional support behavior. Likert-type scale 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater support | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
Data collected over 6 months
Study was minimal risk
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Intervention Condition | Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the intervention condition. The Platoon Leaders of service members in this condition were assigned to completed the Readiness Supportive Leadership Training (RESULT). |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Leslie Hammer | Oregon Health & Science University | 503-494-9313 | hammerl@ohsu.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 12, 2022 | Jul 24, 2024 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
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| Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Control Condition |
Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the control condition. The Platoon Leaders of service members in this condition were assigned to usual practice. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Missing data/responses | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Only high level race/ethnicity information provided for categories that are non-White as cells were so small as to potentially compromise confidentiality. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Loneliness | Brief Loneliness Scale, 3 items, response options: 1 = Never 2 = Rarely 3 = Sometimes 4 = Always, summed score, range from 4-12. Higher score indicates higher levels of loneliness. Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on aging, 26(6), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574 | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Dimensions of Anger (DAR-5) | Dimensions of Anger (DAR-5), 5 items, response options: 1 = None of the time 2 = A little of the time 3 = Some of the time 4 =Most of the time 5 = All of the time, Mean score, range 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anger. Forbes, D., Alkemade, N., Hopcraft, D., Hawthorne, G., O'Halloran, P., Elhai, J. D., … Lewis, V. (2014). Evaluation of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5) Scale in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 830-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.015 | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Emotional Support from Leader | Leader Emotional Support, 3 items, response options: 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neither agree nor disagree 4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree, Mean score, range 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of leadership emotional support. Created specifically for this study based on training content. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Life Satisfaction | Satisfaction with Life Scale, 5 items, response options: 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neither agree nor disagree 4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree. Mean score created with range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of life satisfaction. Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Unit Belongingness | Team Cohesion, Belonging Subscale, 3 items, response options: 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Moderately disagree 3 = Slightly disagree 4 = Neither agree nor disagree 5 = Slightly agree 6 = Moderately agree 7 = Strongly agree. Mean score calculated, range 1-7, with higher scores indicating greater belonging to the unit. Chin, W. W., Salisbury, W. D., Pearson, A. W., & Stollak, M. J. (1999). Perceived cohesion in small groups: Adapting and testing the perceived cohesion scale in a small-group setting. Small group research, 30(6), 751-766. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000605 | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
|
|
| Primary | Resilience Supportive Supervisor Behaviors - Destigmatizing | Service member's perceptions of leadership support behavior in destigmatizing behavioral health. Likert-type scale 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater destigmatization | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
|
|
| Primary | Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR-5) | Service member's perceptions of their anger, Likert-type scale 1-5 with higher scores indicating higher levels of anger | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
|
|
| Primary | Life Satisfaction | Service member's perceptions of their general life satisfaction. Likert-type scale from 1-5, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
|
|
| Primary | Unit Belonging - Subscale of the Team Cohesion Scale | Service member's perceptions degree to which they feel part of their current platoon. Likert-type scale from 1-7, with higher scores indicating more sense of belonging. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
|
|
| Primary | Brief Loneliness Scale | Service member's perception of their own loneliness. Likert-type scale from 3-13, with higher scores indicating greater loneliness | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3-month post intervention, up to 4 months |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 948 |
| 0 |
| 948 |
| 0 |
| 948 |
| EG001 | Service Member in Battalion Randomized to Control Condition | Military service members who are in a battalion randomized to the control condition. The Platoon Leaders of service members in this condition were assigned to usual practice. | 0 | 942 | 0 | 942 | 0 | 942 |
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