For the treatment of stage I-II NSCLC, two mini-invasive techniques are mostly utilized: uni-portal and three-portal VATS. In the uniportal approach, the injury on a single intercostal space could determine a lower level of pain than the three-portal approach, allowing a better postoperative course. Few studies in Literature compare these techniques, and most of them are retrospective.

The main purpose of this randomized study is to compare uni-portal VATS with three-portal VATS, in terms of postoperative pain.

Secondary objectives of the study are valutations of:

• respiratory and functional capacity between the two groups
• operative time
• number of resected lymphnodes
• intra and postoperative complications, such as conversions to open surgery, amount of bleeding, prolonged air leaks, surgical site infections, pulmonary complications.

Randomized cohort clinical trial, prospectic, monocentric. Procedure of randomization: the day before the operation, with the "Random Allocation Rule" technique

Arm 1: pulmonary lobectomy and lymphoadenectomy with uni-portal VATS approach

Arm 2: pulmonary lobectomy and lymphoadenectomy with three-portal VATS approach

Misurations Total analgesic consumption, normalized to morphine milligrams, recorded in the 7 days following the operation.

The choice of cumulative analgesic consumption as parameter of primary outcome is because pain valuation with VAS is significantly affected by individual variability.

Secondary outcomes: measure of postoperative pain with NRS at 2,6,12,24 hours and at 2,3,4,5,30 days from sugery. A pain score will be assigned to each patient after the total amount of NRS.

Respiratory function will be valuated with spirometry after 7 and 30 days from surgery, and compared with pre-operative tests.

All intraoperative parameters will be compared between the two groups: operative time (skin to skin), proportion of conversions to open surgery, number of resected lymphnodes, amount of bleeding.

Postoperative complications will be analyzed: rate of prolonged air leaks, surgical site infections, cardiac rythhm disfunctions, pulmonary complications, post-thoracotomy syndrome, as well as lenght of stay at the hospital.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with cT1-2N0-1M0 NSCLC, maximum diameter 5cm
• ASA (American Society of Anestesiology) score 1-2-3

Exclusion Criteria:

• N2-N3 disease
• Induction chemotherapy
• Thoracic wall infiltration
• Previous thoracic surgery
• Important pleural adhesions
• Severe COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease - Liver, kidney or cardiac failure
• Clotting disorders
• Analgesic allergy
• Sublobar resection, sleeve lobectomy, pneumonectomy
• Chronic analgesic, oppioids or cortisonic use
• Absence of informed consent

Patients with clinical diagnosis of NSCLC, stage I-II, age 30-75, who undergo pulmonary lobectomy and limphadenectomy with radical intent