Achievement of scientific objectives

It is of clinical significance to better characterize the intrinsic defects harbored by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) context, as compared to physiological conditions. Such research initiative aims to dissect the cross-talk between malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their bone marrow (BM) partners in crime, further prospecting for innovative stromal-directed strategies for the treatment of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal malignancies that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, progressive bone marrow failure, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, and increased risk for progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is a well-accepted theory that MDS and AML originate from primary alterations of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) compartment, which confer a survival advantage to them at the expense of physiological hematopoiesis. More recently, there is growing evidences regarding the contribution of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to the pathogenesis of MDS and AML. Of particular interest, several studies have pointed towards a pivotal role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), one of the main components of the BM niche, in the initiation and propagation of myeloid disorders. In this context, it is of clinical significance to better characterize the intrinsic defects harbored by MSC in MDS and AML context, as compared to physiological conditions. Such research initiative aims to dissect the cross-talk between malignant HSC and their BM partners in crime, further prospecting for innovative stromal-directed strategies for the treatment of MDS and AML.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with diagnosed myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia (study place: ICLN) - Specific to the cases cohort
• Age-matched healthy donors undergoing a cardiovascular surgery - Specific to the control cohort
• Signed written informed consent form
• Patient affiliated to a social security regimen or beneficiary of the same

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medical history of hematological disorders
• Thrombocytopenia, anemia…
• Patient under guardianship or deprived of his liberty or any condition that may affect the patient's ability to understand and sign the informed consent (art. L.1121-6, L.112-7, L.1211-8, L.1211-9)
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Refusing participation

Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients undergoing a bone marrow sampling for diagnosis purposes, and healthy donors undergoing cardio-vascular surgery for their usual support.