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The purpose of this graduate student study is to determine if ingestion of dark chocolate (70% cacao) will change brain frequencies between visualization at a state of rest and a state of exercise performance via electroencephalography (EEG) in vigorously active individuals.
The procedures include: On day one, participants will fill out a dark chocolate Likert scale, physical activity assessment, and demographic questionnaire. Day two and three, on consecutive days will include, three EEG measurements will be recorded: 1) at baseline, 2) during visualization of rest for one minute, and 3) during visualization of usual vigorous exercise for one minute. The second day all three measurements will be recorded without dark chocolate (70% cacao). The third day all three measurements will be recorded again. Measurements 2 and 3 will be recorded savoring dark chocolate and after fully ingesting the dark chocolate respectively.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| dark chocolate | Experimental | Three EEG measurements will be recorded: 1) at baseline, 2) during visualization of rest for one minute, and 3) during visualization of usual vigorous exercise for one minute. Measurements 2 and 3 will be recorded savoring dark chocolate and after fully ingesting the dark chocolate respectively. |
|
| non dark chocolate | Active Comparator | three EEG measurements will be recorded: 1) at baseline, 2) during visualization of rest for one minute, and 3) during visualization of usual vigorous exercise for one minute. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dark chocolate | Dietary Supplement | Participants will be provided Parliament dark chocolate (70% cocoa) from Redlands, CA. The Parliament chocolate is made with cacao and cane sugar. Each participant will be given half a piece (1.4 g) of dark chocolate to consume for this experiment over three minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| EEG Wave Band Activity without dark chocolate ingestion | The EEG, electroencephalogram, is a test that detects abnormalities in the brain waves or the electrical activity of the brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto the scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity in the brain cells. EEG wave band activity will be recorded from 9 cerebral cortical scalp locations: F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, and P4 using the EEG B-Alert 10X System, Carlsbad CA. Each of the brain frequencies will be measured in 5 second increments. Data collection will last no longer than 2 hours for each session. | change from baseline to during visualization of rest for one minute |
| EEG Wave Band Activity without dark chocolate ingestion | The EEG, electroencephalogram, is a test that detects abnormalities in the brain waves or the electrical activity of the brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto the scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity in the brain cells. EEG wave band activity will be recorded from 9 cerebral cortical scalp locations: F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, and P4 using the EEG B-Alert 10X System, Carlsbad CA. Each of the brain frequencies will be measured in 5 second increments. Data collection will last no longer than 2 hours for each session. | change from visualization of rest for one minute and during visualization of usual vigorous exercise for one minute. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| EEG wave band activity with dark chocolate ingestion | The EEG, electroencephalogram, is a test that detects abnormalities in the brain waves or the electrical activity of the brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto the scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity in the brain cells. EEG wave band activity will be recorded from 9 cerebral cortical scalp locations: F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, and P4 using the EEG B-Alert 10X System, Carlsbad CA. Each of the brain frequencies will be measured in 5 second increments. Data collection will last no longer than 2 hours for each session. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Georgia Hodgkin, EdD | Loma Linda University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loma Linda U | Loma Linda | California | 92354 | United States |
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| non dark chocolate | Other | No dark chocolate will be given to this group during the procedures. |
|
| change from baseline to during visualization of rest for one minute |
| EEG wave band activity with dark chocolate ingestion | The EEG, electroencephalogram, is a test that detects abnormalities in the brain waves or the electrical activity of the brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto the scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity in the brain cells. EEG wave band activity will be recorded from 9 cerebral cortical scalp locations: F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, and P4 using the EEG B-Alert 10X System, Carlsbad CA. Each of the brain frequencies will be measured in 5 second increments. Data collection will last no longer than 2 hours for each session. | change from visualization of rest for one minute and during visualization of usual vigorous exercise for one minute. |