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This study evaluates the effect of the "hunger hormone" ghrelin on human decision-making. Participants will be given an injection of ghrelin or saline on different study days and will then be asked to make a series of computer-based decisions. The investigators hypothesize that ghrelin will increase participant's preference for energy-dense foods and will also increase impulsiveness in decision making.
Ghrelin is a hormone made by the stomach that stimulates hunger and feeding behavior. How ghrelin affects human decision-making is poorly understood. This study will investigate the effect of ghrelin on nutrition-related and time-based decisions in humans. Participants eye movements will be tracked by a computer during the decision-making process.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Subjects - Ghrelin | Experimental | Healthy subjects will arrive after consuming a standard meal 60 minutes prior to study onset. They will receive a single subcutaneous injection of human synthetic Acyl Ghrelin at the start of the study. 5 minutes post-injection, the subjects will receive written instructions and begin their first decision-making task on a computer. |
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| Healthy Subjects - Saline | Placebo Comparator | Healthy subjects will arrive after consuming a standard meal 60 minutes prior to study onset. They will receive a single subcutaneous injection of 0.9% saline at the start of the study. 5 minutes post-injection, the subjects will receive written instructions and begin their first decision-making task on a computer. |
|
| Obese Subjects - Ghrelin | Experimental | Obese subjects will arrive after consuming a standard meal 60 minutes prior to study onset. They will receive a single subcutaneous injection of human synthetic Acyl Ghrelin at the start of the study. 5 minutes post-injection, the subjects will receive written instructions and begin their first decision-making task on a computer. |
|
| Obese Subjects - Saline | Placebo Comparator | Obese subjects will arrive after consuming a standard meal 60 minutes prior to study onset. They will receive a single subcutaneous injection of 0.9% saline at the start of the study. 5 minutes post-injection, the subjects will receive written instructions and begin their first decision-making task on a computer. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghrelin | Drug | Subjects will receive a subcutaneous injection of synthetic acyl ghrelin (12 µg/kg) at the start of the study. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of Ghrelin on food choices in Task 1. | The difference in the proportion of healthy and unhealthy choices in the Saline and Ghrelin conditions. | Approximately 25 minutes |
| Effect of Ghrelin on temporal choices in Task 2 | The difference in the proportion of smaller sooner and larger later choices in the Saline and Ghrelin conditions | Approximately 25 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dwell time on each choice during Task 1 | For eye-tracking, total dwell time (in ms) on each item in a food choice will be compared in both experimental conditions. | Approximately 25 minutes |
| Number of fixations on foods during Task 1 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jenny Tong, MD, MPH | Duke Molecular Physiology Institute | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Sociology-Psychology Building 417 Chapel Drive | Durham | North Carolina | 27708 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054439 | Ghrelin |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D036361 | Peptide Hormones |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D010455 | Peptides |
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| Saline | Drug | Subjects will receive a subcutaneous injection of saline (0.9%) at the start of the study. |
|
The total number of fixations on each food option will be compared in both experimental conditions.
| Approximately 25 minutes |
| Dwell time on each choice during Task 2 | For eye-tracking, total dwell time (in ms) on each item in the monetary choice will be compared in both experimental conditions. | Approximately 25 minutes |
| Number of fixations on foods during Task 2 | The total number of fixations on each monetary option will be compared in both experimental conditions. | Approximately 25 minutes |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |