safety and efficacy of intrathecal morphine in post operative pain relief in pediatric patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgeries using different doses of intrathecal morphine (2 μg/kg , 5 μg/kg ,10 μg/kg).

After obtaining approval of the local ethics committee of faculty of medicine, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt , and parent's written informed consent, This randomized double -blinded prospective study conducted on ( 45 ) pediatric patients aged 3-12 years , weighting between 10-30 kg , and of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II scheduled for major abdominal surgeries

Inclusion Criteria

• weight between 10-30 kg ,
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I - II
• major abdominal surgeries

Exclusion Criteria

• Children with sacral bone abnormalities
• spina bifida
• coagulopathy
• mental delay or retardation

undecided