intrathecaم Ketamine, Morphine and Both for Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery Pain

Effects of Intrathecally Administered Ketamine, Morphine and Their Combination in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery

this study investigates the analgesic efficacy and other possible effects of ketamine, morphine, and both together when administered intrathecally for control of postoperative pain following lower abdominal cancer surgeries.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) I-III patients.
• aged 30-50 years.
• scheduled for major abdominal cancer surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a known allergy to the study drugs.
• significant cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic disease.
• coagulation disorders.
• infection at or near the site of intrathecal injection.
• drug or alcohol abuse.
• BMI > 30 kg/m2.
• psychiatric illnesses that may interfere with perception and assessment of pain.