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Although taste influences food choices and favours diseases like obesity, there is no consensus about the existence of correlations between bitterness and anthropometric variables. Also, an electronic-based method for data collection could provide a more appropriate way for the evaluation of taste perception and save time.
The objective is to search for correlations between bitterness and anthropometric variables.
A cross-sectional study evaluating correlations between the bitterness rates given on a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale, anthropometrics and other variables. Bitterness perceptions at the tip of the tongue (TOTp) and at the whole mouth (WMp) were recorded using a locally developed novel cloud-based software (Cloud-gLMS). The ANCOVA test was adjusted using TOTp and WMp as dependent variables and age, height, weight, BMI, gender, waist circumference, alcohol intake, comorbidities, and use of medications as independent variables.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of bitter taste | Participants will be evaluated as to the intensity of bitter taste when performing watery mouthwash with quinine. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity of bitter taste 1 | It will be gently applied at the end of the tongue, by means of a swab soaked in the quinine solution at room temperature, in continuous movements from left to right, and will point a note to the bitter level. | 1 time |
| Sensitivity of bitter taste 2 | The volunteer will perform a "mouthwash" with the quinine solution, and will point a note to the bitter level. | 1 time |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy people without obesity and people with obesity.
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16733344 | Background | Reiter ER, DiNardo LJ, Costanzo RM. Toxic effects on gustatory function. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:265-277. doi: 10.1159/000093765. | |
| 23937293 | Background | Sharma K, Kaur GK. PTC bitter taste genetic polymorphism, food choices, physical growth in body height and body fat related traits among adolescent girls from Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh (India). Ann Hum Biol. 2014 Jan-Feb;41(1):29-39. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2013.822929. Epub 2013 Aug 12. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| 27070900 | Background | Keller KL, Adise S. Variation in the Ability to Taste Bitter Thiourea Compounds: Implications for Food Acceptance, Dietary Intake, and Obesity Risk in Children. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016 Jul 17;36:157-82. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050916. Epub 2016 Apr 6. |
| 15234598 | Background | Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Green BG, Hoffman HJ, Ko CW, Lucchina LA, Marks LE, Snyder DJ, Weiffenbach JM. Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: the gLMS versus magnitude matching. Physiol Behav. 2004 Aug;82(1):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.033. |
| 12354641 | Background | Segovia C, Hutchinson I, Laing DG, Jinks AL. A quantitative study of fungiform papillae and taste pore density in adults and children. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2002 Oct 20;138(2):135-46. doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00463-7. |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |