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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Basel | OTHER |
| Korea University | OTHER |
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The overall goal of the outlined study is to scrutinize and to promote mindfulness via new technologies using a combination of smartphone-based assessment and micro-interventions, fMRI and real-time fMRI-neurofeedback.
The overall goal of the outlined study is to scrutinize and to promote mindfulness via new technologies using a combination of smartphone-based assessment and micro-interventions, fMRI and real-time fMRI-neurofeedback. More specifically, we aim to i) evaluate whether smartphone-based micro-interventions affect mindfulness, stress, and mood, ii) evaluate whether mindfulness, its neural substrate, and related mental and physiological functions can be modified by training volitional control over brain activity by means of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (RT-fMRI-NF), iii) differentiate neural activation patterns during mindfulness vs. mind wandering.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness first; Contingent RT-fMRI-NF | Experimental | Participants start with the mindfulness intervention followed by the mind wandering intervention. The arm type "experimental" refers to contingent RT-fMRI-NF, during which participants are provided with contingent RT-fMRI-NF of their own brain activity. |
|
| Mindfulness first; Non-Contingent Neurofeedback | Sham Comparator | Participants start with the mindfulness intervention followed by the mind wandering intervention. The arm type "sham comparator" refers to non-contingent RT-fMRI-NF, during which participants are provided with sham RT-fMRI-NF of brain activity of previously recorded subject. |
|
| Mind wandering first; Contingent Neurofeedback | Experimental | Participants start with the mind wandering intervention followed by the mindfulness intervention. The arm type "experimental" refers to contingent RT-fMRI-NF, during which participants are provided with contingent RT-fMRI-NF of their own brain activity. |
|
| Mind wandering first; Non-Contingent Neurofeedback | Sham Comparator | Participants start with the mind wandering intervention followed by the mindfulness intervention. The arm type "sham comparator" refers to non-contingent RT-fMRI-NF, during which participants are provided with sham RT-fMRI-NF of brain activity of previously recorded subject. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness | Behavioral | Subjects are provided with smartphone-based mindfulness intervention. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) Signal assessed by MRI | Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| State mindfulness assessed by State Mindfulness Scale | State mindfulness, assessed via State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) | Daily, during smartphone-based micro-interventions (duration: 10 days); on 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Subjective stress reactivity assessed by Visual Analog Scale | Subjective stress reactivity, assessed via Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Daily, during smartphone-based micro-interventions (duration: 10 days); on 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Subjective mood assessed by Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire | Subjective mood, assessed via Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire (MDMQ) | Daily, during smartphone-based micro-interventions (duration: 10 days); on 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional reactivity assessed by emotion recognition task | Assessed via emotion recognition task | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Working Memory assessed by N-back task test |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiration Signal assessed by sensor | Assessed via sensor | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Trait mindfulness assessed by Mindful Attention Awareness Scale |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jong-Hwan Lee, Ph.D. | Korea University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korea University | Seoul | South Korea | ||||
| University of Basel |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35287148 | Derived | Kim HC, Lee JH. Spectral dynamic causal modeling of mindfulness, mind-wandering, and resting-state in the triple network using fMRI. Neuroreport. 2022 Mar 23;33(5):221-226. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001772. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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A combination of sequential (mindfulness vs. mind wandering intervention) and parallel design (contingent vs. non-contingent RT-fMRI-NF)
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| Contingent RT-fMRI-NF | Other | Subjects are provided with contingent RT-fMRI-NF of their own brain activity. |
|
| Sham RT-fMRI-NF | Other | Subjects are provided with sham RT-fMRI-NF of brain activity of previously recorded subject. |
|
| Mind Wandering | Behavioral | Subjects are provided with smartphone-based mind wandering intervention. |
|
Assessed via N-back task (visual single-3-back with letters as stimuli) |
| On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Cognitive flexibility assessed by computer version of Wisconsin card sorting Task test | Assessed via computer version of Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST) | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
Assessed via Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) |
| On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Heart rate assessed by sensor | Assessed via sensor | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Subjective stress reactivity assessed by Perceived Stress Scale test | Assessed via Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | On 1 day, which is the laboratory assessment day (scheduled 1 day subsequent to the last of the 10 smartphone-based micro-intervention days) |
| Basel |
| Switzerland |