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Humans generally develop a preferred upper and lower extremity. Due to repetitive uneven loading, this gradually results in morphological adaptations to the dominant side of the body. The corresponding morphological asymmetry can be further accentuated by (intensively) practicing a unilateral sport such as tennis, which is very popular. Yet, research on this particular topic is scarce, especially in (elite) female players. Furthermore, existing studies only examine the degree of morphological asymmetry of the upper extremity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the morphological differences between the dominant and the non-dominant extremity/side on a whole body level (trunk, upper and lower extremity) in elite female tennis players.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Date of birth (in day/month/year to subsequently determine age) Gender: male or female Dominant upper extremity: right or left Dominant lower extremity: right or left Playing experience (in years) Average training hours (in hours per week) These values will be determined cross-sectionally and reported as mean and standard deviation. | 01/07/2017 - 31/12/2018 |
| Anthropometry | Stature (cm) Weight (kg) Body Mass Index (kg/m²) Upper extremity length (cm) Lower extremity length (cm) These values will be determined cross-sectionally and reported as mean and standard deviation. | 01/07/2017 - 31/12/2018 |
| Body Composition |
These values will be determined cross-sectionally and reported as mean and standard deviation. In addition, all these outcome measures will be determined and reported for both the dominant and non-dominant upper and lower extremity separately. | 01/07/2017 - 31/12/2018 |
| Morphological asymmetry | Side-to-side difference (i.e. dominant versus non-dominant upper and lower extremity) will be calculated and expressed as a percentage (extremity symmetry index (%)) for the outcome measures described above (i.e. fat mass, muscle mass, bone mass, bone mineral content and bone mineral density). Extremity symmetry index = (measure dominant extremity or side / measure non-dominant extremity of side - 1) x 100 | 01/07/2017 - 31/12/2018 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Professional, or elite, female tennis players
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurent Chapelle, MSc | Contact | +32477472756 | laurent.chapelle@vub.be |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eva D'Hondt, PhD | Vrije Universiteit Brussel | Study Director |
| Peter Clarys, PhD | Vrije Universiteit Brussel | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vrije Universiteit Brussel | Brussels | 1050 | Belgium |
Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be shared or will not be available to other researchers
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