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This study will help us learn more about how early infant diet may influence child's growth and development at age 14.
This study is to follow the infants that were enrolled in Beginnings study which purpose was to characterize physical growth, body composition, dietary intake, neurobehavioral development, and brain function of infants and children fed mostly breast milk, milk based formula, or soy based formula during their first year of life up to age 6. This study will call back those children when they turn 14 to compare growth, sexual maturation, and development between the three diets.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast milk fed | Fed primarily breast fed as an infant | ||
| Cow's Milk based infant formula fed | Fed primarily cow's milk based infant formula for the first year of life | ||
| Soy-protein based formula fed | Fed primarily soy-protein based infant formula during the first year of life |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Growth and development | Will be determined with body composition equipment | 14 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Former Beginnings participants between ages 13 and 15 years
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aline Andres, PhD, RD | Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center | Little Rock | Arkansas | 72202 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41580087 | Derived | Leandro da Cruz L, Fiecke C, Reed B, Martinez A, Keck A, Fuenmayor A, Sobik S, Rowell AC, Moore MB, Bimali M, Williams DK, Andres A. Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Feeding Association with Adolescent Growth, Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health, and Pubertal Development in Comparison with Cow's Milk-Based Infant Formula and Human Milk Feeding. J Nutr. 2026 Mar;156(3):101376. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101376. Epub 2026 Jan 22. |
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