The ESUS concept was introduced recently to describe a non-lacunar stroke of undetermined etiology. The following etiological workup is required in this setting: head CT or MRI, 12-lead ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, continuous cardiac monitoring for at least 24 hours after stroke, vascular imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, CT angiography, catheter angiography). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is considered not to be required.

However, aortic arch atheroma as diagnosed by TEE in the setting of recent ischemic stroke is a major aortic source of embolism, as supported by numerous well conducted studies. The European Association of Echocardiography considers that TEE is the gold standard for the diagnosis and the characterization of aortic atheroma. It is also the method of choice for the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the rate of patients with a therapeutic modification induced by TEE (mainly anticoagulation and surgery), in consecutive patients admitted with ESUS at our institution stroke unit.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Presenting with a new onset of ischemic stroke
• Meeting the ESUS criteria (Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source)
• Comprehensive transthoracic echo prior to the TEE

Exclusion Criteria:

• ESUS criteria not met
• Contraindications to TEE
• TEE failure
• Pregnant or breastfeeding woman
• Person under legal protection
• No medical insurance coverage

Patients followed for ichemic stroke meeting embolic source of unknown source criteria