Analysis of data from the recently completed NIH Child Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) study found a manualized behavioral treatment approach strongly superior to psychoeducation/supportive therapy for reducing tic severity in 9-16 year-old youths with TS or other Chronic Tic Disorders. Buoyed by the success of the NIH study, the research group now seeks to extend and disseminate the CBIT treatment through the systematic adaptation of the CBIT protocol for use across a broader range of ages and treatment settings.

The goal of the this project is to develop a downward extension of the CBIT therapist guide and parent workbook for use in 4-8 year old children with chronic tics. The revised CBIT-JR manual/workbook will be pilot tested in five children at each of the three study sites (UCLA, UWM, Weill Cornell) in order to provide initial data regarding treatment feasibility and acceptability as well as our ability to implement the new intervention, along with relevant quality control procedures, consistently across sites. These pilot data will then be used to seek R01 support for a larger controlled multisite trial examining the efficacy of CBIT-JR.

Although arguably more complex than a single-site design, we have opted for a multsite study in order: 1) to take advantage of the established productive collaborative relationship and collective expertise in childhood tic disorders and psychosocial treatment development across our three sites, 2) to collect the proposed feasibility data in a much shorter period of time than otherwise possible, and as noted above 3) to demonstrate the cross-site portability of the treatment - which will be necessary if we are to obtain subsequent funding for a larger-scale efficacy trial.

The overall aim of the proposed project is to develop and obtain preliminary feasibility and acceptability data for a family-based behavioral intervention to reduce tic severity and the negative impact of TS-related symptoms in young children (ages 4-8) with chronic tics and Tourette syndrome. This intervention entails the use of targeted psychoeducation about tics and related conditions and a functional analytic protocol designed to identify and correct environmental influences thought to exacerbate and/or maintain child tic expression. Although similar to the family-based component used in our recently completed CBITS trial for older children, an independent body of literature supports the efficacy of functional analysis for ameliorating a variety of both behaviorally and biologically-driven behaviors. The investigators will work with an early child interventionist to adapt the current family-based protocol for younger children. The new manual will then be feasibility tested in anticipation of a larger externally-funded trial to further develop and evaluate the efficacy of this intervention.

More specifically, the study aims are to:

1. Adapt the current CBIT Manual for use with the families of 4-8 year old children with chronic tic disorder. Our revision will be informed by a meeting of the study PI's and Dr. Mary O'Connor, an early childhood interventionist at UCLA to review our current family-intervention and other treatment protocols targeting related psychopathology in young children.
2. Document the feasibility, acceptability, and cross-site portability of the new manual in a small open trial of 15 youngsters (five each at UCLA, UWM, and Weill Cornell).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age 4-8
2. presence of motor and/or vocal tics for at least 6 months.
3. tics are of at least moderate clinical severity as evidenced by a Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity score of 4 or higher (tic symptoms clearly noticeable to family and occasionally to families and associated with at least some minimal level of distress and/or interference.
4. free of PDD or other developmental disability
5. IQ estimate of 70 or higher
6. comorbid disorder (e.g., ADHD, OCD, ODD) will be allowed provided that the tic symptoms are of primary concern to parents and comorbid symptoms are not of sufficient severity to require immediate treatment other than that provided by the current study.
7. pre-existing stable medication, tic or otherwise, will also be allowed provided the family agrees to refrain from med changes over the course of the study if at all possible.
8. sufficient command of the English language to comply with study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

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