Vitamin D (VD) is a pleiotropic hormone, involved in many physiological processes including calcium and phosphorus absorption. The VD metabolism begin to be well-known and involves a hepatic hydroxylation (mediated by enzymes, which belong to the cytochrome P450 family) leading to the production of the 25(OH)D, which corresponds to the circulating form of the VD. After circulation in blood, the 25(OH)D is submitted to a second hydroxylation in the kidney resulting to the generation of 1,25(OH)2D, the active metabolite of VD. Numerous epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between obesity and circulation level of 25(OH)D. Several mechanisms could explain the low level of 25(OH)D observed in obese subjects, the more classical evoked being based on sequestration and/or dilution of VD in adipose tissue (AT), the main VD storage site. However, this mechanism has never been demonstrated. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the concentration of VD and its metabolites in adipose tissue need to be quantified.

The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of VD and its metabolites in adipose tissue as well as adipose tissue mass quantification and distribution (visceral or subcutaneous) to highlight putative difference of VD and its metabolites quantities between obese and non-obese patients. A quantification of VD metabolism, inflammation and lipid metabolism gene expression will be realized on biopsies. Correlations between gene expression and quantity of VD in tissue will be carrying out.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject with a BMI greater than 35 kg / m2 (group OB) or less than 30 kg / m² (group NO)
• Subject undergoing bariatric surgery (OB group) or abdominal surgery (group NO)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Regular intake of dietary supplements or vitamin supplements in the last three months

• For the subjects of the group NO:

  • Malnourished patient (BMI <18.5 kg / m2, weight loss greater than 5% in 1 month or 10% in 6 months)
  • Subject with an infection or inflammatory syndrome (CRP> 10 mg / L and / or white blood cells> 12000 / mm3)
  • Non-cancerous subject