This observational study introduced an new advanced bleeding control strategy during complex liver resection.This newly described "stepwise vascular control" technique was efficacious and feasible to control intra-operative bleeding in complex hepatectomy involving second hepatic hilum and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava.

Inclusion Criteria:

• tumor size is more than 5cm in diameter;
• these tumor were close to or were compressing main hepatic veins and RIVC directly;
• Pugh-Child Grade is A or Indocyanine green retention rate at 15min (ICG15%) is less than 10% .

Consecutive patient sampling according to the eligibility criteria