This is an exploratory experiment, aims to explore the effective and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of NTDT to improve the hemoglobin level, improve the quality of life, reduce blood transfusion, so as to avoid the adverse reactions caused by transfusion.15~30 patients will be enrolled, including type α 5~13 cases, type β 10~17 cases.

The project is a single arm research of thalidomide in NTDT,patients volunteered to participate in this trial and met the following inclusion criteria will be enrolled: age from 18~65, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 2 or less. Subjects should take thalidomide 50mg per day for 12 weeks. During this time, hepatic and renal function, hematologic function, electrocardiogram and the adverse reactions were closely observed. According to the protocol, the blood routine, peripheral blood reticulocyte count, nucleated red blood cell count, hemoglobin electrophoresis and other indicators were evaluated in screening-period visit, 4-weeks visit, 8-weeks visit and 12-weeks visit.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients meeting all of the following criteria will be considered for admission to the trial:

• Diagnosis of NTDT;
• Ages 18-65 years;
• ECOG: 0~2 scores;
• Sign an informed consent agreeing to the clinical trial participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients presenting with any of the following criteria will not be included in the trial:

• Patients received hydroxycarbamide, Yisui Shengxue Granule in three months;
• Women during Pregnancy, breastfeeding or those of childbearing age who do not want to take contraceptive measures;
• Patients had comorbidities like severe heart or lung diseases, liver dysfunction, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, tumor or other serious primary diseases;
• Patients Allergic to the drug ingredients;
• Patients with any Mental problem;
• Patients had Participated in other drug clinical trials in the past 1 month;
• Patients had a history of venous or arterial thrombosis;
• In certain circumstances that the researchers determined it was not suitable for the research.

Three months later after the last visit，summery report will be shared with other researchers through database.