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Large glucose excursions at breakfast are prevalent in type 2 diabetes and can contribute to sustained hyperglycaemia across the day. Lowering consumption of dietary carbohydrate is known to reduce post-meal glucose excursions but it is unknown whether lowering the carbohydrate at breakfast only will impact subsequent post meal glucose excursions throughout the day. The aim of this study is to examine, under free living conditions and using typical dietary patterns, whether eating a breakfast low in carbohydrate can lower daily post-meal glycemia when compared to consuming a low-fat breakfast (per the current diabetes guidelines).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Carbohydrate Breakfast | Experimental | Breakfast composition containing <10% carbohydrate, 75% fat, 15% protein Matched calories |
|
| Guidelines Breakfast | Active Comparator | Breakfast composition containing 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein Matched calories |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Carbohydrate Breakfast | Behavioral | A low carbohydrate breakfast containing <10% carbohydrate, ~75% fat, and 15% protein. Matched for calories to the active comparator arm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incremental area under the glucose curve (continuous glucose monitor) | 24 hour (one day) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Blod Glucose (continuous glucose monitor) | 24 hours (one day) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic Variability (continuous glucose monitor) | 24 hours (one day) | |
| Satiety VAS 100 | Before and after meals (one day) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jonathan P Little, PhD | UBC Okanagan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of British Columbia, Okanagan. | Kelowna | British Columbia | V1V 1V7 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30968140 | Derived | Chang CR, Francois ME, Little JP. Restricting carbohydrates at breakfast is sufficient to reduce 24-hour exposure to postprandial hyperglycemia and improve glycemic variability. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 May 1;109(5):1302-1309. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy261. |
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| Guidelines Breakfast | Behavioral | A low fat breakfast containing ~55% carbohydrate, <30% fat, and 15% protein. Matched for calories to the experimental arm. |
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