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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Medtronic | INDUSTRY |
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Large spikes in blood glucose experienced after meals in people with type 2 diabetes are known to damage blood vessels. Low carbohydrate high fat diets and exercise can improve blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes but it is unclear how these two strategies interact to affect blood vessel function and inflammation. We will examine how following a short-term low carbohydrate high fat diet (4 days) with or without post-meal walking impacts markers of blood vessel function and inflammation. We will also examine how a single low carbohydrate high fat meal, with or without post-meal walking, impacts blood glucose control and blood vessel function. Findings will help determine the best lifestyle approach for improving cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-carbohydrate diet | Active Comparator |
| |
| Low-carbohydrate diet | Experimental |
| |
| Low-carbohydrate diet with post-meal walking | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-carbohydrate diet | Behavioral | Participants will engage in 4 days of high-carbohydrate low fat diet as recommended by the Canadian Diabetes Association. The macronutrients content will go as follow: 55% carbohydrate, 25% protein and 20% fat. Breakfast, lunch and dinner will be provided to the participants as part of an isoenergetic diet. Between interventions there will be at least a one-week washout, where participants are encouraged to return to their baseline dietary habits. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in glycemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in low-carbohydrate, low-carbohydrate plus post-meal walking, and high-carbohydrate low-fat arm. | 4-day average glucose levels assessed in each arm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in circulating inflammatory cytokines after 4 days of intervention. | Fasting measurements taken on day 1 and day 5. | |
| Change from baseline in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression on white blood cells after 4 days of intervention. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in flow-mediated dilation after single breakfast meal on day 1 of the intervention | Baseline and 1, 2, and 3 hours post-breakfast on day 1 in each arm | |
| Change from baseline in plasma glucose after single breakfast meal on day 1 of the intervention |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jonathan P Little, PhD | University of British Columbia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of British Columbia, Okanagan. | Kelowna | British Columbia | V1V 1V7 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000076107 | Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate |
| D050528 | Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D000073600 | Diet, High-Protein |
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|
| Low-carbohydrate diet | Behavioral | Participants will engage in 4 days of low-carbohydrate high-fat diet. The macronutrients content will go as follow: 10% carbohydrate, 25% protein and 65% fat. Breakfast, lunch and dinner will be provided to the participants as part of an isoenergetic diet. Between interventions there will be at least a one-week washout, where participants are encouraged to return to their baseline dietary habits. |
|
| Low-carbohydrate diet with post-meal walking | Behavioral | Participants will follow the same diet as in the low-carbohydrate diet arm but also perform 15 minutes of walking beginning ~15 minutes after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Approximately 70 kcal (individualized) will be added to main meals to account for exercise energy expenditure. Between interventions there will be at least a one-week washout, where participants are encouraged to return to their baseline dietary habits. |
|
| Fasting measurements taken on day 1 and day 5. |
| Change from baseline in flow mediated dilation of brachial artery after 4 days of intervention. | Fasting measurements taken on day 1 and day 5. |
| Baseline and 1, 2, and 3 hours post-breakfast on day 1 in each arm |
| Change from baseline in body weight after a single meal and 4 days of intervention. | Fasting measures on day 1 and day 5. |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D004032 |
| Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |