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This exploratory study aims at investigating the acute effects of artificially sweetened and sugar beverage consumption (as compared to water consumption) on acute hemodynamic and metabolic stress response.
This single-center study included five visits. The first two visits (screening and familiarization) allowed checking the eligibility of the volunteers. In case of inclusion, the subjects were assigned to a sequence of three experimental conditions (water, sugar and artificial sweeteners), in a randomized, crossover design.
The experimental test was divided into 5 stages:
3) a 15-min CPT recovery period (t=120-150). 60 min after the beginning of the metabolic test, volunteers will drink 25 mL every 15 min, after 10-sec mouth rinsing, of either an artificially- or sugar-sweetened beverages or water (control).
Hemodynamic stress responses will be measured by repeated blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. Repeated venous blood samples will allow to assess metabolic stress responses.
Each condition (water, artificial sweeteners and sugar) will be preceded by a 2-day run-in period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sugar | Experimental | Effects of ingestion of sugar-sweetened beverages on acute stress response |
|
| Artificial sweetener | Experimental | Effects of ingestion of artificially-sweetened beverages on acute stress response |
|
| Water | Active Comparator | Effects of ingestion of water on acute stress response |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingestion of artificially-sweetened beverages | Other | From t=60 to the end of the metabolic test, volunteers will ingest 7 beverages containing non nutritive sweeteners (25 mL / beverage) every 15 minutes after 10-sec mouth rinsing. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamic changes | Hemodynamic changes elicited by stress will be assessed by means of systemic vascular resistance calculated as (blood flow):(mean arterial pressure, and expressed in arbitrary units | Differences observed between 90-min baseline and stress (30-min mental stress and 3-min cold pressure test) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in concentration of blood glucose | Blood glucose concentration will be measured in fasting conditions and during stress tests with the glucose oxidase method and expressed in mg/dl | Blood samples will be collected 30, 60, 75, 85, 95, 100, 110, 120, 125, 135, 145, 153, 158, and 163 minutes after the beginning of the test |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luc TAPPY, Professor | Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Lausanne | Lausanne | 1005 | Switzerland |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015775 | Fractures, Stress |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050723 | Fractures, Bone |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| Ingestion of sugar-sweetened beverages | Other | From t=60 to the end of the metabolic test, volunteers will ingest 7 beverages containing sugar (25 mL / beverage) every 15 minutes after 10-sec mouth rinsing. |
|
| Ingestion of water | Other | From t=60 to the end of the metabolic test, volunteers will ingest 7 water beverages (25 mL / beverage) every 15 minutes after 10-sec mouth rinsing. |
|
| Changes in concentration of blood insulin |
Blood insulin concentration will be measured by ELISA and expressed in mU/L |
| Blood samples will be collected 30, 60, 75, 85, 95, 100, 110, 120, 125, 135, 145, 153, 158, and 163 minutes after the beginning of the test |
| Changes in blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration | Blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration will be measured by a colorimetric method and expressed in mmol/L | Blood samples will be collected 30, 60, 75, 85, 95, 100, 110, 120, 125, 135, 145, 153, 158, and 163 minutes after the beginning of the tes |
| Metabolic changes | Metabolic changes elicited by stress will be continually monitored from respiratory gas exchanges by indirect calorimetry. | Differences observed between 90-min baseline and stress (30-min mental stress and 3-min cold pressure test) |