Using mHealth Tools to Deliver Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) to Village Health Team (VHT) Volunteers.

Using mHealth Tools to Deliver Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) to Village Health Team (VHT) Volunteers in Uganda.

This study compares the traditional, didactic method of training Ugandan community health workers with training using tablets in pneumonia management, a common, life-threatening illness in children in rural areas.

Current ICCM (Integrated Community Case Management) training in Uganda involves CHWs physically attending a five-day workshop, which is both expensive, time consuming and requires trainer's to be physically present to deliver training materials. The investigators hypothesize that use of a low-cost android tablet, with pre-loaded instructional educational videos will improve the baseline knowledge and retention of knowledge of CHWs as well as lower the direct and indirect costs of ICCM training.

The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial in two sub-counties in Mukono district among CHWs to test these two hypotheses. In this study, the investigators will focus solely on the pneumonia component of ICCM training, instead of testing the full week-long training course including malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. (The investigators plan a later trial encompassing the entire week-long training vs the same uploaded into the tablets.) The investigators will enroll 200 CHWs in the study, with 100 in a control group who will receive a one day in-person training session focusing on pneumonia, similar to traditional ICCM training and 100 in an intervention group who will receive tablets with instructional training videos. The investigators will administer a written test prior to the training in both groups, then administer the same written test one week later. Additionally, the investigators will test both groups with clinical case scenarios that give these community health workers realistic clinical cases and challenge them to diagnose pneumonia, state whether patient should be treated in the home or brought to hospital, and how to initiate and complete management if patients are to be referred or kept home, respectively. The sample sizes will enable the investigators carry out independent t-tests and a paired two-sample t-test to determine the significance of pre- and post-test scores for the control and intervention groups. If training delivered via low-cost android tablets proves to be both effective and acceptable, this option may represent a viable, scalable and cost-effective alternative to the traditional training model used throughout Uganda.

Furthermore, the MoH could institute an incentive policy that allows tablets to be distributed and retained by health workers provided that they maintain a quarterly flow of information back to the MoH regarding home visits, patients referred, or other community actions. Should the learning and cost efficacy prove viable, the investigators can envision tablets throughout Mukono District, allowing the more direct transfer of information, disease patterns, index cases of pathogens like Ebola, tracking of data for the Ministry, regular dissemination of training materials, and opportunities for CHWs gain employment in the health sector.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must be a registered VHT working in the study areas in Uganda;
• Must express a commitment to aim to complete the duration of the study;
• Willingness to be randomised to the control or intervention group.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Unregistered VHTs