The purpose of this study is to analysis the volatile organic gases(VOCs) in exhaled breath of pulmonary lesion patients and healthy controls, in order to find the difference of composition and concentration among groups.

Collect the exhaled gas in pulmonary lesion patients and healthy controls, using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry to analysis the different composition and concentration of VOCs, to find the biomarker gases of distinguishing benign and malignant lesion of lung among different groups， and try to build a diagnostic model for lung lesion.

Inclusion Criteria:

• cohort 1 :

Inclusion criteria:

Patients newly diagnosed with primary lung cancer by tissue biopsy and did not receive any treatment aiming at the tumor, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Age ≥ 18 years

• cohort 2： Inclusion criteria： Patients diagnosed with pulmonary benign lesion by tissue biopsy or other examination.

Age ≥ 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

patients who have more than one type of carcinoma patients diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients diagnosed chronic renal failure patients diagnosed upper digestive tract ulcer patients who reject to sign the informed consent from

• cohort 3： Healthy controls Volunteers without diagnosed lung diseases and pulmonary symptoms.

Patients diagnosed with lung disease or healthy controls without lung diseases， and can cooperate with the collection of exhaled breath.

considering of personal privacy, the research-related individual participant data do not intend for public sharing.