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The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to establish feasibility and provide initial estimates of efficacy of two computerized cognitive training procedures (a form of Positive Mental Imagery Training, PMIT, and a form of Cognitive Control Training, CCT) delivered as adjuncts to treatment as usual (TAU) in inpatient mental health treatment settings.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive Mental Imagery Training (PMIT) | Experimental | Computerized Positive Mental Imagery Training (PMIT), a form of mental imagery-based cognitive bias modification adapted from previous experimental (e.g. Holmes, Lang, & Shah, 2009) and clinical (e.g. Blackwell & Holmes, 2010) work. The intervention consists of 8 sessions completed over a period of 2 weeks. The training takes place alongside participants' treatment as usual (TAU) in the inpatient setting. |
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| Cognitive Control Training (CCT) | Active Comparator | An adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), adapted from that applied in previous studies (e.g. Siegle et al., 2007; Hoorelbeke et al., 2015). The intervention consists of 8 sessions completed over a period of 2 weeks. The training takes place alongside participants' treatment as usual (TAU) in the inpatient setting. |
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| Treatment as Usual | Active Comparator | Participants will receive their treatment as usual (TAU) within the inpatient setting, which may include group/individual psychological therapy, a range of therapeutic activities, and pharmacological treatment. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive Mental Imagery Training (PMIT) | Behavioral |
| ||
| Cognitive Control Training (CCT) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 21-item positive subscale from the extended Positive and Negative Affect Schedules | The Joviality, Self-Assurance, Attentiveness, and Serenity subscales of the extended PANAS (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1994) will be administered, following previous experimental research examining the effect of positive mental imagery on state mood (e.g. Holmes, Lang, & Shah, 2009). Participants will be asked to rate the items according to how they have been feeling 'in the past week, that is, during the past seven days, including today'. | Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 21-item positive subscale from the extended Positive and Negative Affect Schedules | The Joviality, Self-Assurance, Attentiveness, and Serenity subscales of the extended PANAS (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1994) will be administered, following previous experimental research examining the effect of positive mental imagery on state mood (e.g. Holmes, Lang, & Shah, 2009). Participants will be asked to rate the items according to how they have been feeling 'in the past week, that is, during the past seven days, including today'. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-report mood/cognitions over the previous day (Likert scales) | Ratings will be made up to 8 times over the two-week intervention period (between baseline and post-intervention) | Baseline, up to 2 weeks post-baseline |
| State mood pre and post each training session (Likert scales) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Simon E Blackwell, DClinPsych | Ruhr University of Bochum | Principal Investigator |
| Jürgen Margraf, PhD | Ruhr University of Bochum | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nexus-Klinik | Baden-Baden | 76530 | Germany | |||
| St. Marien Hospital Eickel |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30123524 | Derived | Blackwell SE, Westermann K, Woud ML, Cwik JC, Neher T, Graz C, Nyhuis PW, Margraf J. Computerized positive mental imagery training versus cognitive control training versus treatment as usual in inpatient mental health settings: study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2018 Aug 4;4:133. doi: 10.1186/s40814-018-0325-1. eCollection 2018. |
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It is planned to make individual participant data available on publication of the associated study results, via a publicly-available data repository such as Open Science Framework. Data made available will be the research data reported in the publication, with the exception of any data that could compromise participant anonymity.
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| Behavioral |
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| Treatment as Usual | Other |
|
| Baseline, Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale | An extended 26-item version of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS; Rizvi et al., 2015) will be administered. | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline), Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self Report | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline), Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| GAD-7 | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline), Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| Positive Mental Health Scale | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline), Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| Prospective Imagery Test | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline) |
| Scrambled Sentences Test (SST) | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline) |
| Implicit Associations Test (IAT) | Baseline, Post-intervention (2 weeks post-baseline) |
Ratings of state mood will be made pre and post each session of PMIT or CCT by participants in the Positive Mental Imagery Training and Cognitive Control Training arms. |
| Baseline, up to 2 weeks post-baseline |
| Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire | Baseline |
| Feedback Questionnaire | Follow-up (2 weeks after the post-intervention assessment) |
| Herne |
| 44649 |
| Germany |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D059445 | Anhedonia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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