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This study will assess the efficacy of brief mindfulness practices on improving mental health in adults who are currently in treatment for mental health concerns. From online instructional videos, each participant will learn a thirty-second or three-minute mindfulness practice that is to be performed at least three times daily over two weeks.
Mindfulness meditation and mindfulness-based therapies have been shown to improve many aspects of psychological functioning in individuals with mental health problems.
The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in improving mental health of brief mindfulness practices in adults currently in treatment for mental health concerns. The entire study will be administered online. From online instructional videos, each participant will learn a thirty-second or three-minute mindfulness practice that is to be performed at least three times daily over two weeks. A delayed-treatment control group will begin the intervention after a two-week waiting period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wait List Control | No Intervention | Participants receive daily email surveys for two weeks before being given access to the brief-mindfulness-practice training materials. | |
| Thirty-Second Mindfulness Practice | Experimental | Participants watch a ten minute mindfulness training video then are given electronic access to an audio recording of guidance for a thirty-second mindfulness meditation practice. Participants are asked to complete this practice using the audio-recorded guidance at least three times a day for two weeks. Participants are sent daily emails that include reminders to complete the practice and a link to a brief online survey. |
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| Three-Minute Mindfulness Practice | Active Comparator | Participants watch a ten minute mindfulness training video then are given electronic access to an audio recording of guidance for a three minute mindfulness meditation practice. Participants are asked to complete this practice using the audio-recorded guidance at least three times a day for two weeks. Participants are sent daily emails that include reminders to complete the practice and a link to a brief online survey. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thirty-Second Mindfulness Practice | Other |
| ||
| Three-Minute Mindfulness Practice |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in trait mindfulness as measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al. 2006) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks | |
| Change in perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks | |
| Change in anxiety symptoms as measured by the GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe, 2006) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks | |
| Change in mood as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks | |
| Change in quality of life as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks | |
| Change in depression symptoms as measured by the PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire - depression module (Spitzer, Kroenke, & Williams, 1999) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Group difference in intervention's acceptability as measured by qualitative questions | 1 week into intervention | |
| Group difference in adherence as measured by frequency of daily brief mindfulness practice use | Daily for two weeks of intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Moria Smoski, Ph.D | Duke University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Office of Clinical Research REDCap Online Data Collection Software | Durham | North Carolina | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16443717 | Background | Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):27-45. doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504. | |
| 6668417 | Background | Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Other |
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| Group difference in continued brief mindfulness practice use as measured by follow-up question | Follow up (two weeks after intervention) |
| Change in daily mood measured on a visual analogue scale | Daily for two weeks of intervention |
| Change in daily stress level measured on a visual analogue scale | Daily for two weeks of intervention |
| Change in empathy as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) and four questions adapted from Hawk, Fischer and Van Kleef, (2011) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks |
| Change in perspective taking as measured by questions adapted from Hawk, Fischer and Van Kleef, (2011) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks |
| 16717171 | Background | Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. |
| 3397865 | Background | Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063. |
| 18752852 | Background | Kroenke K, Strine TW, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Berry JT, Mokdad AH. The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2009 Apr;114(1-3):163-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026. Epub 2008 Aug 27. |
| 1593914 | Background | Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83. |
| 23796855 | Background | Khoury B, Lecomte T, Fortin G, Masse M, Therien P, Bouchard V, Chapleau MA, Paquin K, Hofmann SG. Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Aug;33(6):763-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005. Epub 2013 Jun 7. |
| Background | Davis, M.H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Catalogue of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, MS. 2124, p. 85. |
| 21668103 | Background | Hawk ST, Fischer AH, Van Kleef GA. Taking your place or matching your face: two paths to empathic embarrassment. Emotion. 2011 Jun;11(3):502-13. doi: 10.1037/a0022762. |