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This study evaluates if a multi-component intervention, respecting the characteristics of frail older person and increasing intensity and challenge of exercises according to frail older person capacity/evolution will induce better functional results than a multi-component intervention specific to lower body. the volunteers will be randomized into experimental group and control group.
The interventions are separated by day (1 to 24) and by weeks (1 to 12). Each session was built to last between 50 and 60 minutes, beginning with a warming up. In the table are described the exercise as well as the support necessary to perform the exercise safely and necessary equipment (accessories). In cases where a minimum load is required the same are also described in the multimodal intervention protocol (load).
In relation to strength training in the multimodal intervention protocol is described how the progression of intensity will be held. Additional to the load progression suggested, the 1 maximal repetition test will be applied every 4 weeks for adjustment of the loads according to strength gain from each volunteer.
The suggested protocol is based on balance exercises and strength but, in a careful manner, were included functional and mobilization exercises to ensure greater diversity.
Multimodal intervention protocol:
a week
Day 1. Balance Training 1.1 P: Seated on the chair; E: Position Adjustments, (Anterior-posterior, medial-lateral); S: Yes (parallel bar) 1.2 P: Seated on the chair; E: Hip mobilization, Anterior- posterior; S: Yes(parallel bar)
Strength Training 1.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 1.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 1.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 1.4 P:Seated on the chair; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion 1.5 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk stabilization; A: Stick
sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 2. Balance Training 2.1 P: Seated on the chair; E: Position Adjustments (Anterior-posterior, medial-lateral);S: Yes(parallel bar) 2.2 P: Seated on the chair; E: Hip mobilization Anterior- posterior; S: Yes(parallel bar)
Strength Training 2.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (hollowing) 2.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 2.3 P: Standing; E: Semi-squat; A: peanut ball 2.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes (parallel bar or back rest)
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
2a week
Day 3. Balance Training 3.1 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk mobilization Latero-lateral; S: Yes (parallel bar) 3.2 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk mobilization Anterior-posterior; S: Yes(parallel bar) 3.3 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: Yes(parallel bar) Strength Training 3.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 3.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 3.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 3.4 P:Seated on the chair; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion 3.5 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk stabilization; A: Stick 2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 4. Balance Training 4.1 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk mobilization Latero-lateral; S: Yes (parallel bar) 4.2 P:Seated on the chair; E: Trunk mobilization Anterior-posterior; S: No 4.3 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: Yes(parallel bar) Strength Training 4.1 P:Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (hollowing) 4.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 4.3 P: Standing; E: Semi-squat; A: peanut ball 4.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes (parallel bar or back rest )
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
3a week
Day 5. Balance Training 5.1 P: Standing; E: Side step walking; S: Yes (parallel bar) 5.2 P: Standing; E: Sitting to standing; S: Yes (parallel bar or) back rest 5.3 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: No 5.4 P: Table pose (Time: 60s )
Strength Training 5.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 5.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 5.3 P:Seated in the chair; E: Knee Extension 5.4 P:Seated on the chair; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 6. Balance Training 6.1 P: Standing; E:Side step walking; S: Yes (parallel bar) 6.2 P: Standing; E: Sitting to standing; S: Yes (parallel bar or back rest) 6.3 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: No 6.4 P: Table pose(Time: 60s )
Strength Training 6.1 P:Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (hollowing + one leg up) 6.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 6.3 P: Standing; E: Semi-squat; A: peanut ball 6.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
4a week
Day 7. Balance Training 7.1 P: Standing; E: Walk to Front and Back; S: Yes (parallel bar) 7.2 P: Standing; E: Side step walking; S: No 7.3 P: Seated on the chair; E: Sit to standing; S: Standing: No; Sitting: Yes (parallel bar or back rest) 7.4 P: Table pose(Time: 60s ) 7.5 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: No
Strength Training 7.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 7.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 7.3 P:Seated in the chair; E: Knee Extension 7.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest )
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 8. Balance Training 8.1 P: Standing; E: Walk to Front and Back; S: Yes (parallel bar) 8.2 P: Standing; E: Side step walking; S: No 8.3 P: Seated on the chair; E: Sit to standing; S: Standing: No; Sitting: Yes(parallel bar or back rest) 8.4 P: Table pose(Time: 60s ) 8.5 P: Standing; E:Romberg- feet together, semi-tandem, tandem; S: No
Strength Training 8.1 P:Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (hollowing + one leg up) 8.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 8.3 P: Standing; E: Semi-squat; L: 0.5 Kg 8.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: No
2 sets, 12 repetitions, 50% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
5a week
Day 9. Balance Training 9.1 P: Seated on the chair; E: Sitting to standing; S: No 9.2 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: Yes(parallel bar) 9.3 P: Standing; E: Walk to Front and Back; S: No 9.4 P: Standing; E: Tandem position; S: No + ocular fixation
Strength Training 9.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 9.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 9.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 9.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes (parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 10. Balance Training 10.1 P: Seated on the chair; E: Sitting to standing; S: No 10.2 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: Yes (parallel bar) 10.3 P: Standing; E: Walk to Front and Back; S: No 10.4 P: Standing; E: Tandem position; S: No + ocular fixation
Strength Training 10.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position) 10.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 10.3 P:Standing; E: Semi-squat; S:No; L:1 Kg 10.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
6a week
Day 11. Balance Training 11.1 P: Standing; E:Crossed Gait (Braiding); S:Yes (parallel bar) 11.2 P: Standing; E: Turn 90º or 180º; S:Yes(parallel bar) 11.3 P: Standing; Reactive Balance (Ankle, Hip, Step); S:Yes(parallel bar) 11.4 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ eyes closed 11.5 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: No
Strength Training 11.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 11.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 11.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 11.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 12. Balance Training 12.1 P: Standing; E:Crossed Gait (Braiding); S:Yes (parallel bar) 12.2 P: Standing; E: Turn 90º or 180º; S:Yes(parallel bar) 12.3 P: Standing; Reactive Balance (Ankle, Hip, Step); S:Yes(parallel bar) 12.4 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ eyes closed 12.5 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: No
Strength Training 12.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position) 12.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 12.3 P:Standing; E: Semi-squat; S:No; L:1 Kg 12.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest) 3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
7a week
Day 13. Balance Training 13.1 P: Standing; E:Walk with Hip flexion 90o like soldier); S: Yes, (parallel bar) 13.2 P: Standing; E: Turn 180º ou 360º; S:Yes(parallel bar) 13.3 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) increasing step length; S: No 13.4 P: Standing; E:Tandem Posture; S: No 13.5 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: No + eyes closed
Strength Training 13.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 13.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 13.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 13.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 14. Balance Training 14.1 P: Standing; E:Walk with Hip flexion 90o like soldier); S:Yes(parallel bar) 14.2 P: Standing; E: Turn 180º ou 360º; S:Ye(parallel bar)s 14.3 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) increasing step length; S: No 14.4 P: Standing; E:Tandem Posture; S: No 14.5 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: No + eyes closed
Strength Training 14.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position) 14.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 14.3 P:Standing; E: Semi-squat; S:No; L:1 Kg 14.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
8a week
Day 15. Balance Training 15.1 P: Standing; E:Walk with Hip flexion 90o like soldier); S:No 15.2 P: Standing; E: Tandem Gait; S: Yes(parallel bar) 15.3 P: Standing; E: Step up and down; S: No 15.4 P: Seated on the chair; E:TUG habitual walk speed; S: No 15.5 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ ball reach
Strength Training 15.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E: Hip Flexion 15.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 15.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 15.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 16. Balance Training 16.1 P: Standing; E:Walk with Hip flexion 90o like soldier); S:No 16.2 P: Standing; E: Tandem Gait; S: Yes(parallel bar) 16.3 P: Standing; E: Step up and down; S: No 16.4 P: Seated on the chair; E:TUG habitual walk speed; S: No 16.5 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ ball reach
Strength Training 16.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position + raise one arm) 16.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 16.3 P:Standing; E: Squat; S:No 16.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest) 3 sets, 10 repetitions, 55-65% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
9a week
Day 17. Balance Training 17.1 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ ball reach 17.2 P: Standing; E: Step up and down; S: No 17.3 P: Seated on the chair; E:TUG habitual walk speed; S: No + Dual task (cognitive) 17.4 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) increasing speed; S: No
Strength Training 17.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 17.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 17.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: knee extension 17.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes (parallel bar or back rest) 3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 18. Balance Training 18.1 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ ball reach 18.2 P: Standing; E: Step up and down; S: No 18.3 P: Seated on the chair; E:TUG habitual walk speed; S: No + Dual task (cognitive) 18.4 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) increasing step length; S: No
Strength Training 18.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position + raise arm and leg) 18.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 18.3 P:Standing; E: Split Squat; S:No; L:0.5 Kg 18.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes (parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
10a week
Day 19. Balance Training
19.1 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ Reach tasks 19.2 P: Standing E:Side step walking; S: No+ ball reach 19.3 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ unstable surface+ eyes opened and closed 19.4 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) increasing step length; S: No Strength Training 19.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 19.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 19.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 19.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes (parallel bar or back res)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 20. Balance Training 20.1 P:Standing; E:Romberg- feet together; S: No+ Reach tasks 20.2 P: Standing; E:Side step walking; S: No+ ball reach 20.3 P: Standing; E: One leg stance; S: No + unstable surface 20.4 P: Standing; E:Walk (6 meters) with scapular dissociation and cervical rotation; S: No
Strength Training 20.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position + raise arm and leg) 20.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 20.3 P:Standing; E: Split Squat; S:No; L:0.5 Kg 20.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
11a week
Day 21. Balance Training
Circuit Training:
Strength Training 21.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 21.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 21.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest) 21.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 22. Balance Training
Circuit Training:
Strength Training
22.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position + raise arm and leg); L: 0.5 Kg 22.2 P:Lateral Decubitus 22.3 P:Standing; E: Split Squat; S:No; E: Hip Aduction; L:1.0 Kg 22.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
12a week
Day 23. Balance Training
Circuit Training:
1.1 Stepping over barriers (Rolls, Steps) 2.Gait Training (increasing step length, changing speed, with scapular dissociation and cervical rotation) 3.Gait with cognitive tasks 4.Balance Boards
Strength Training
23.1 P: Dorsal Decubitus; E:Hip Flexion 23.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Abduction 23.3 P:Seated on the chair; E: Knee Extension 23.4 P:Standing; E: Dorsiflexion/ Plantar Flexion; S:Yes (parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
Day 24. Balance Training
Circuit Training:
1.1 Stepping over barriers (Rolls, Steps) 2.Gait Training (increasing step length, changing speed, with scapular dissociation and cervical rotation) 3.Gait with cognitive tasks 4.Balance Boards
Strength Training 24.1 P: Ventral Decubitus; E: Hip Extension (Table position + raise arm and leg); L: 0.5 Kg 24.2 P:Lateral Decubitus; E: Hip Aduction 24.3 P:Standing; E: Split Squat; S:No; L:0.5 Kg 24.4 P: Standing; E: Knee Flexion; S: Yes(parallel bar or back rest)
3 sets, 8 repetitions, 65-75% RM
P: Position ; E: Exercise ; S: Support; A: Accessory; L: Load ; RM: Repetition Maximum
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Group | Experimental | The multimodal intervention protocol is described separated by day (1 to 24) and by weeks (1 to 12). Each session was built to last between 50 and 60 minutes. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants from the control group will not perform any kind of physical exercise. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise - FIRST PHASE | Other | the participants do not need to perform the first phase or can advance to the second phase if they have obtained the following results in the balance and functional tests: 1. Gait speed of 0.8 m/s and walking 30 meters without stopping; 2. Ability to perform the stand up and sit down test from the chair five times properly within less than 15 seconds; 3. Maintaining the FFEO stance for 30 seconds and the Tandem EO stance for more than 5 seconds; 4. Having sitting stability limits with eyes open; 5. In upright position, able to bend the trunk forward, standing parallel to a wall, between 16.5 - 32 cm but stable. For the muscle strength: being able to perform hip flexion with 50% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) for 8 repetitions; hip extension with 50% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; hip abduction without load but at least for 8 repetitions; knee extension with 50% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; knee flexion with 50 % of 1RM for 8 repetitions; |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| strength muscle evaluation | The Elbow flexors and extensors, trunk flexors and extensors, hip abductor and adductor, knee flexors and extensors and ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors muscle strength of the dominant limb will be evaluated by an isokinetic dynamometer | baseline |
| Balance | Balance in semi-static stance was measured using the force platform. Data on 6 stances were collected for each subject: standing on a fixed platform with eyes open and closed; standing on an unstable platform with eyes open and closed; and in single-leg stance with eyes open on the right leg and on the left leg. | baseline |
| gait | The gait parameters will be analyzed using the GAITRite Platinum 26' Portable Walkway System to evaluated spatial and temporal gait variables. | baseline |
| functional performance | Timed Up and Go (TUG) test will be used. | baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| strength muscle evaluation | The Elbow flexors and extensors, trunk flexors and extensors, hip abductor and adductor, knee flexors and extensors and ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors muscle strength of the dominant limb will be evaluated by an isokinetic dynamometer | change from baseline in 3 months |
| Balance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natalia C Rodrigues, PhD | Contact | +55 16 33154413 | nataliacrod@yahoo.com.br |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Daniela CC de Abreu, Professor | School of Medicine of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, FMRP-USP | Study Chair |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26626157 | Background | de Labra C, Guimaraes-Pinheiro C, Maseda A, Lorenzo T, Millan-Calenti JC. Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2015 Dec 2;15:154. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0155-4. | |
| 15031310 | Background | Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Mar;59(3):255-63. doi: 10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| World Health Organization. Active ageing: a policy framework. | View source |
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After the end of the protocol and the data evaluation, the results will be send to each participant.
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the participants do not need to perform the first phase or can advance to the second phase if they have obtained the following results in the balance and functional tests: 1. Gait speed of 0.8 m/s and walking 30 meters without stopping; 2. Ability to perform the stand up and sit down test from the chair five times properly within less than 15 seconds; 3. Maintaining the FFEO stance for 30 seconds and the Tandem EO stance for more than 5 seconds; 4. Having sitting stability limits with eyes open; 5. In upright position, able to bend the trunk forward, standing parallel to a wall, between 16.5 - 32 cm but stable. For the muscle strength: being able to perform hip flexion with 50% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) for 8 repetitions; hip extension with 50% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; hip abduction without load but at least for 8 repetitions; knee extension with 50% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; knee flexion with 50 % of 1RM for 8 repetitions;
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|
| Exercise - SECOND PHASE | Other | the participants do not need to perform the second phase or can advance to the third phase if they have obtained the following results in the balance and functional tests: 1. Gait speed of 0.8-1 m/s and ability to walk 60 meters; 2. Ability to perform the stand up and sit down test from the chair five times properly within less than 15 seconds; 3. Maintaining the FFEO and FFEC stance for more than 5 seconds and the Tandem EO stance for 10-20 seconds; 4. Having sitting stability limits with eyes closed; 5. Being able to bend the trunk forward, standing parallel to a wall, between 20-32 cm ad being stable. For muscle strength: being able to perform hip flexion with 60% of 1 RM for 8 repetitions; hip extension with 60% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; hip abduction without load but between 8-12 repetitions; knee extension with 60% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; knee flexion with 60% of 1RM for 8 repetitions; |
|
| Exercise - FOURTH PHASE | Other | at the end of the exercise protocol, the participants who have reached the fourth phase must be able to achieve: 1. Gait speed of 0.8-1 m/s and able to walk 90 meters; 2. Stand up and sit down five times from the chair properly within less than 15 seconds; 3. TUG performance less than 14 seconds; 4. Maintenance of 30 seconds in FFEO and FFEC stance, maintenance of 30 seconds in Tandem EO and Tandem EC stance, maintenance of the single-leg stance for more than 21 seconds; 5. Normal sitting stability limits with eyes closed; 6. Bending the trunk forward, standing parallel to a wall, more than 32 cm and being stable. For muscle strength: able to perform hip flexion with 70% of 1 RM for 6-10 repetitions; hip extension with 70% of 1RM for 6-10 repetitions; hip abduction with 40-60% of 1RM for 8-12 repetitions; knee extension with 70% of 1RM for 6-10 repetitions; knee flexion with 70% of 1RM for 6-10 repetitions. |
|
| Exercise - THIRD PHASE | Other | participants do not need to perform the third phase or can advance to the fourth phase if they have obtained: 1 Gait speed of 0.8-1 m/s and walk 90 meters; 2 perform the stand up and sit down five times from the chair properly within less than 15 seconds; 3 Performing the TUG test within less than 14 seconds; 4 Maintaining the FFEO and FFEC stance for 30 seconds, maintaining the Tandem EO and Tandem EC stance for 30 seconds and maintaining the single-leg stance for more than 20 seconds; 5 Having sitting stability limits with eyes closed; 6 In the upright position, to bend the trunk forward, standing parallel to a wall, more than 32 cm and being stable. For the muscle strength test, perform hip flexion with 60 % of 1 RM for 8-12 repetitions; hip extension with 60 % of 1RM for 8-12 repetitions; hip abduction without load or 5% of 1RM for hip abductor and between 8-12 repetitions; knee extension with 60 % of 1RM for 8-12 repetitions; knee flexion with 60 % of 1RM for 8-12 repetitions; |
|
Balance in semi-static stance was measured using the force platform. Data on 6 stances were collected for each subject: standing on a fixed platform with eyes open and closed; standing on an unstable platform with eyes open and closed; and in single-leg stance with eyes open on the right leg and on the left leg. |
| change from baseline in 3 months |
| gait | The gait parameters will be analyzed using the GAITRite Platinum 26' Portable Walkway System to evaluated spatial and temporal gait variables. | change from baseline in 3 months |
| functional performance | Timed Up and Go (TUG) test will be used. | change from baseline in 3 months |
| 20667082 | Background | Lustosa LP, Coelho FM, Silva JP, Pereira DS, Parentoni AN, Dias JM, Dias RC, Pereira LS. The effects of a muscle resistance program on the functional capacity, knee extensor muscle strength and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in pre-frail elderly women: a randomized crossover clinical trial--a study protocol. Trials. 2010 Jul 28;11:82. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-82. |
| 11253156 | Background | Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, McBurnie MA; Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Mar;56(3):M146-56. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146. |
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