Tumor is the primary public health problem and the incidence of esophageal cancer showed the increasing trend in the past thirty years. According to the statistics in 2015, the new onset of esophageal cancer is about 477,900 yearly. The mainly pathologic type of esophageal cancer in China is esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, which accounts for more than 90% of patients in China. With the development of endoscopic technics, more and more patients choose to receive the endoscopic procedure rather than traditional surgery. However, the long-term efficacy and outcomes of patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received different interventions remained unclear. Thus, investigators aim to conduct a multi-center retrospective study to investigate the long term outcomes of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving endoscopic treatment and surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients received endoscopic treatment because of the superficial esophageal disease and had the pathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Combined with other severe disease
• With a history of esophageal surgery
• Combined with other malignant disease

Patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent endoscopic treatment or traditional surgery.