This study measures the sublingual microcirculation of patients with kidney transplant using MicroScan. The data will be compared with data of health volunteers and end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.

This study measures the sublingual microcirculation of patients with kidney transplant using MicroScan. The data will be compared with data of health volunteers and end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. The microcirculation date includes total small vessel density, perfused small vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, microvascular flow index, and heterogeneity index.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with kidney transplant for more than one month

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 or > 30
• diagnosis of sepsis or trauma, or admitted to intensive care unit within one month before enrollment
• body temperature < 35.5 or > 37.5 Celsius
• patients with tongue resection
• non-native speaker

Patients with kidney transplant