Maternal Voice on Anesthetic Emergence Period

Effect of Recorded Maternal Voice on the Emergence of General Anesthesia on Pediatric Patients: a Pilot Study

Mother spend a large amount of time with their children. It is assumed that mother contributes to their neurological development not only with visual stimuli, but also with auditory stimuli. A recent study revealed that prefrontal cortex can be activated in response to the self-name being spoken by the mother than by a stranger. Therefore, investigators suppose that recorded maternal voice can stimulate the pediatric patients and thereby fasten the emergence from general anesthesia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children aged between 2 and 8 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) I or II who are planned to receive an operation under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• ASA PS III or IV
• with developmental delay or neurological diseases associated with symptoms of agitation
• refusal of consent
• with developmental delay
• with allergy or contraindication to use of ketamine (presence of an active upper respiratory tract infection (URI), increased intracranial pressure, open-globe injury, and a psychiatric or seizure disorder)