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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Paracelsus Medical University | OTHER |
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Using a within-subject design, 42 healthy participants were randomly exposed to three different conditions: outdoor mountain hiking, indoor treadmill walking, and sedentary control situation (3.5 hours each). Measures included the Feeling Scale, Felt Arousal Scale and a Mood Survey Scale. Univariate ANOVAs were used to analyse differences between the conditions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor mountain hiking (M) | Experimental | First part of the intervention: an uphill walking phase on single trails and forest roads in a sparse forest with view on the mountainous region around Innsbruck for 6 km in around 1.5 hours together with the test leader. Regarding the walking intensity, the participants were instructed to choose a "brisk without overspending" pace (average speed: 4 km/h). In the second part of the intervention, the participants were walking downhill on the same track for around 70 minutes back to the starting point to respond to the post-test (average speed: 5.2 km/h). |
|
| Indoor treadmill walking (T) | Active Comparator | To ensure that all physical parameters were simultaneous to the outdoor mountain hiking condition, the distance, the difference in height, the average inclination of the track, and the time needed for the outdoor mountain hiking situation were measured in a pilot study. First part: uphill walking, inclination: 10%, time: 1.5 hours, and speed: 4 km/h (resulting in 600 m difference in height). In accordance to possible differences in outdoor speed, the participants were allowed to change the treadmill's speed in a small range (3.8 to 4.2 km/h) to adapt to the wording "brisk without overspending". Second part of the intervention contained 70 minutes of level walking on the same treadmills (5.2 km/h, 6km). |
|
| Sedentary control condition (C) | No Intervention | The sedentary control situation was located in a quiet room at the university with access to computers. The participants were allowed to use the computers, to read, and to talk, but had to remain in a sedentary position. To control for possible differences in affective response due to the daytime, the sedentary control condition contained the same timing of the measurements than the intervention condition. Sociodemographic data were collected for 5 to 10 minutes in this condition using a web-based questionnaire. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| walking | Behavioral |
| ||
| Treadmill |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | Mood Survey Scale, min: 5, max: 25 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | baseline and 3 hours |
| Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | Feeling Scale, min: -5, max: +5 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | baseline and 3 hours after baseline |
| Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | Felt Arousal Scale, min: 0, max: 6 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | baseline and 3 hours after baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | baseline and 3 hours |
| Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Martin Kopp, Prof. | martin.kopp@uibk.ac.at | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28520774 | Result | Niedermeier M, Einwanger J, Hartl A, Kopp M. Affective responses in mountain hiking-A randomized crossover trial focusing on differences between indoor and outdoor activity. PLoS One. 2017 May 16;12(5):e0177719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177719. eCollection 2017. | |
| 28800067 | Result | Niedermeier M, Grafetstatter C, Hartl A, Kopp M. A Randomized Crossover Trial on Acute Stress-Related Physiological Responses to Mountain Hiking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 11;14(8):905. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080905. |
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As the project was a randomized crossover study, all participants were exposed to all three conditions.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Sequence Group MTC | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was M, followed by T, followed by C. |
| FG001 | Sequence Group MCT | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was M, followed by C followed by T. |
| FG002 | Sequence Group TMC | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was T, followed by M, followed by C. |
| FG003 | Sequence Group TCM | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was T, followed by C, followed by M. |
| FG004 | Sequence Group CTM | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was C, followed by T, followed by M. |
| FG005 | Sequence Group CMT | All participants were exposed to three different conditions in a randomized starting order: outdoor mountain hiking (M), indoor treadmill walking (T), and sedentary control situation (C) (approximately three hours each). The order of conditions of the present group was C, followed by M, followed by T. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Intervention (3 Hours) |
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| Washout (1 Week) |
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| Second Intervention (3 Hours) |
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| Washout (1 Week) |
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| Third Intervention (3 Hours) |
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As the project was a randomized crossover study, all participants were exposed to all three conditions. The baseline data of all participants were combined in one Arm/Group ("All Study Participants").
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | All Study Participants |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | Mood Survey Scale, min: 5, max: 25 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline and 3 hours |
|
During the 3 interventions and the measurements, approximately 3.5 hours each. During the 2 washout phases, approximately 1 week each, by self-report of the participants.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | First part of the intervention: an uphill walking phase on single trails and forest roads in a sparse forest with view on the mountainous region around Innsbruck for 6 km in around 1.5 hours together with the test leader. Regarding the walking intensity, the participants were instructed to choose a "brisk without overspending" pace (average speed: 4 km/h). In the second part of the intervention, the participants were walking downhill on the same track for around 70 minutes back to the starting point to respond to the post-test (average speed: 5.2 km/h). walking |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Martin Niedermeier | University of Innsbruck, Department of Sport Science | martin.niedermeier@uibk.ac.at |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016138 | Walking |
| D005080 | Exercise Test |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008124 | Locomotion |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Device |
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All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
| baseline and 3 hours |
| Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | baseline and 3 hours |
| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | To ensure that all physical parameters were simultaneous to the outdoor mountain hiking condition, the distance, the difference in height, the average inclination of the track, and the time needed for the outdoor mountain hiking situation were measured in a pilot study. First part: uphill walking, inclination: 10%, time: 1.5 hours, and speed: 4 km/h (resulting in 600 m difference in height). In accordance to possible differences in outdoor speed, the participants were allowed to change the treadmill's speed in a small range (3.8 to 4.2 km/h) to adapt to the wording "brisk without overspending". Second part of the intervention contained 70 minutes of level walking on the same treadmills (5.2 km/h, 6km). walking Treadmill |
| OG002 | Sedentary Control Condition (C) | The sedentary control situation was located in a quiet room at the university with access to computers. The participants were allowed to use the computers, to read, and to talk, but had to remain in a sedentary position. To control for possible differences in affective response due to the daytime, the sedentary control condition contained the same timing of the measurements than the intervention condition. Sociodemographic data were collected for 5 to 10 minutes in this condition using a web-based questionnaire. |
|
|
| Primary | Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | Feeling Scale, min: -5, max: +5 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 3 hours after baseline |
|
|
|
| Primary | Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | Felt Arousal Scale, min: 0, max: 6 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 3 hours after baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | baseline and 3 hours |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours | All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | ms | baseline and 3 hours |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | All Outcome Measures are reported "per intervention", i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | nmol/l | baseline and 3 hours |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 42 |
| 0 |
| 42 |
| 0 |
| 42 |
| EG001 | Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | To ensure that all physical parameters were simultaneous to the outdoor mountain hiking condition, the distance, the difference in height, the average inclination of the track, and the time needed for the outdoor mountain hiking situation were measured in a pilot study. First part: uphill walking, inclination: 10%, time: 1.5 hours, and speed: 4 km/h (resulting in 600 m difference in height). In accordance to possible differences in outdoor speed, the participants were allowed to change the treadmill's speed in a small range (3.8 to 4.2 km/h) to adapt to the wording "brisk without overspending". Second part of the intervention contained 70 minutes of level walking on the same treadmills (5.2 km/h, 6km). walking Treadmill | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 |
| EG002 | Sedentary Control Condition (C) | The sedentary control situation was located in a quiet room at the university with access to computers. The participants were allowed to use the computers, to read, and to talk, but had to remain in a sedentary position. To control for possible differences in affective response due to the daytime, the sedentary control condition contained the same timing of the measurements than the intervention condition. Sociodemographic data were collected for 5 to 10 minutes in this condition using a web-based questionnaire. | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 |
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| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D006334 | Heart Function Tests |
| D003935 | Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D012129 | Respiratory Function Tests |
| D003948 | Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System |
| D016552 | Ergometry |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |