The Effects of Nature-Based Activity vs. Indoor Exercise on Cognition, Psychological, and Physiological Health

The Effects of Nature-Based Activity vs. Indoor Exercise on Cognitive, Psychological, and Physiological Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the comparative effects of nature-based versus indoor exercise interventions on cognitive performance, psychological well-being, and physiological stress in Malaysian adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) active nature engagement (walking outdoors), (2) passive nature engagement (seated outdoor observation), (3) indoor treadmill walking, or (4) a no-intervention control group. The study will examine changes in attention, working memory, affect, blood pressure, body composition, and salivary cortisol across baseline, mid-point, and post-intervention assessments.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (≥18 years old)
• Normal or corrected-to-normal vision
• Normal or corrected-to-normal hearing
• Physically fit - able to walk unassisted for at least 30 minutes

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with limited mobility that prevents outdoor activities
• Participants who do not have adequate comprehension in English necessary to participate in measurement of outcomes