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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose levels, subjective appetite, mood, and memory performance in 9 to 14 year old normal weight (NW) and overweight or obese (OW/OB) children.
NW and OW/OB children, 9-14 years of age, will participate in the experiment. The effect of 5 different meals (mashed potatoes, hash browns, French fries, rice, or beans matched by 50g of available carbohydrate) and meal skipping will be examined. On six separate mornings, one of the meals or no meal will be provided in a random order upon their arrival. Blood glucose, subjective appetite, and mood will be measured at baseline, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption. Cognitive performance will be measured using an immediate and delayed word recall test, and two to three executive function tasks at 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meal skipping | Experimental | No meal given |
|
| Mashed potatoes | Experimental | Carbohydrate Test Meal (50 g of available carbohydrates) |
|
| French fries | Experimental | Carbohydrate Test Meal (50 g of available carbohydrates) |
|
| Hash browns | Experimental | Carbohydrate Test Meal (50 g of available carbohydrates) |
|
| Rice | Experimental | Carbohydrate Test Meal (50 g of available carbohydrates) |
|
| Beans | Experimental | Carbohydrate Test Meal (50 g of available carbohydrates) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meal Skipping | Other | No meal |
| |
| French fries |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive performance | Participants will participate in a battery of tests that include two learning and memory tasks and two attention tasks at 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption. | 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes after meal consumption |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose response | Blood will be collected at baseline, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption to observe glycemic responses to 50g available carbohydrates from mashed potatoes, potato pancakes, French fries, rice, or beans | Baseline, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nick Bellissimo, PhD. | Toronto Metropolitan University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Nutrition, Ryerson University | Toronto | Ontario | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C508416 | lunatusin, Phaseolus lunatus |
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| Other |
50g of available carbohydrates meal |
|
| Mashed potatoes | Other | 50g of available carbohydrates meal |
|
| Hash browns | Other | 50g of available carbohydrates meal |
|
| Rice | Other | 50g of available carbohydrates meal |
|
| Beans | Other | 50g of available carbohydrates meal |
|
| Subjective Appetite and Mood |
Participants will complete subjective ratings on appetite (e.g., desire to eat, hunger, fullness) and mood (e.g. anger, happiness, excitement, sleepiness) at baseline, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption. |
| Baseline, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after meal consumption |