Intraperitoneal Analgesia in Pediatric Laparoscopy

Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjuvant to Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine for Pain Relief in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy: a Randomized Controlled Study.

It is important to keep children undergoing laparoscopic surgery pain free with rapid return to normal activity.

Pain following laparoscopy is less intense than after laparotomy. Nevertheless, laparoscopy is not pain free and control of post-laparoscopy pain remains a major concern. The exact cause of such pain remains uncertain, and yet, diaphragmatic irritation and peritoneal stretching associated with gas insufflation may be responsible for shoulder and diffuse abdominal pain.

additionally poor pain control could limit the activity of children following laparoscopic surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age (1 to 6 years)
2. ASA physical status I or II.
3. scheduled for laparoscopic hernia repair under general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Allergy to study drugs,
2. Receiving chronic pain treatment, antiepileptic therapy or magnesium therapy,
3. sever hepatic or renal impairment,