Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than 50% of the population in the world(1), especially 47-66% in China.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who were intend to undergo upper endoscopy for any purpose and volunteered to written inform consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• negative in rapid urease test (RUT)
• previous standard eradication therapy for H. pylori;
• history of esophagectomy or gastrectomy;
• gastrointestinal malignancy;
• contraindications or allergic to study drugs;
• user of taking medicine that may affect the result of the study within 4 weeks (e.g., proton-pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, bismuth or antibiotics etc.);
• cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal insufficiency, and/or severe current diseases or malignancy;
• pregnant or lactating women;
• participants of other trial within the past 3 months;
• unwilling or unable to participate in the study.