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Changes in the gut microbiomes of healthy volunteers who followed a gluten-free diet (GFD) for four weeks were studied. Per participant, nine stool samples were collected: one at baseline, four during the GFD period, and four when they returned to their habitual diet. Microbiome profiles were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing and the samples were next processed for taxonomic and imputed functional composition. Additionally, participants kept a 3-day food diary and six gut health-related biomarkers were measured.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| GFD | Experimental | After instruction of a dietician, participants adhered to a gluten-free diet for 4 weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intervention | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in gut microbiota composition upon gluten-free diet intervention | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal calprotectin | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet | |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: IL-1beta | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Medical Center Groningen | Groningen | 9700 RB | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23774130 | Result | Baranska A, Tigchelaar E, Smolinska A, Dallinga JW, Moonen EJ, Dekens JA, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, van Schooten FJ. Profile of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath changes as a result of gluten-free diet. J Breath Res. 2013 Sep;7(3):037104. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/3/037104. Epub 2013 Jun 18. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal human beta defensin 2 | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal chromogranin A | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal short chain fatty acids: propionate | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma citrulline | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal short chain fatty acids: acetate | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal short chain fatty acids: butyrate | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal short chain fatty acids: valerate | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: fecal short chain fatty acids: caproate | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: IL-6 | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: IL-8 | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: IL-10 | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: IL-12 | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |
| Changes in gut associated biomarker levels: plasma cytokines: TNFalpha | baseline, 4 weeks gluten-free diet and 4 weeks habitual diet |