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The purpose of this randomized control trial is to compare the effect of pumpkin seed oil 2g/day with pumpkin seeds given as a dose of 1½ teaspoons/ 4.1 grams a day to provide 2g of lipid (equivalent to 2 grams of oil) on BP (systolic and diastolic), endothelial function, serum lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.
At the onset of menopause CVD rates increase in women. A beneficial effect of pumpkin seed oil on blood pressure has been observed in postmenopausal women. More than 1 in 3 female adults have some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is affected by blood pressure.
Pumpkin seed is a good source of phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are compounds found in plants and are comparable to human estrogen, capable of producing estrogenic effects. Studies in post menopausal women have demonstrated that pumpkin seed oil, at a dose of 2g per day for 12 weeks can decrease blood pressure and reduce menopausal symptoms.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pumpkin seed oil | Experimental | Pumpkin seed oil (1g) capsules - 2 capsules per day for 12 weeks |
|
| Pumpkin seeds | Active Comparator | Packet of pumpkin seeds (4.1 grams /~0.15ounces) - 1 pack per day for 12 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pumpkin seed oil | Dietary Supplement | 1 gram capsule of Pumpkin seed oil. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Cholesterol level (mg/dl) | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks | |
| Change in Plasma Triglycerides (mg/dl) | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks | |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Madhura Maiya, MS | Texas Woman's University | Principal Investigator |
| Carolyn Moore, PhD | Texas Woman's University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas Woman's University | Houston | Texas | 77030 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18567058 | Result | Gossell-Williams M, Lyttle K, Clarke T, Gardner M, Simon O. Supplementation with pumpkin seed oil improves plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular outcomes of female non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Phytother Res. 2008 Jul;22(7):873-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2381. | |
| 21545273 | Result | Gossell-Williams M, Hyde C, Hunter T, Simms-Stewart D, Fletcher H, McGrowder D, Walters CA. Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: pilot study. Climacteric. 2011 Oct;14(5):558-64. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2011.563882. Epub 2011 May 5. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| Pumpkin seeds |
| Dietary Supplement |
4.1 grams (1½ teaspoons/~0.15ounces) of pumpkin seeds |
|
| Change in Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dl) |
High-density Lipoprotein-C |
| change measured - baseline and 12 weeks |
| Change in Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dl) | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks |
| Change in C-reactive protein (CRP) | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks |
| Change in Endothelial Function | Endothelial function will be assessed using a computer based non-invasive peripheral arterial tonometer (Endo-PAT 2000, Itamar Medical Ltd.). | change measured - baseline and 12 weeks |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |