The Effect of Anesthetics on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Status in Children

The Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Status in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair Surgery

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Propofol and Sevoflurane affect the oxidative stress and apoptosis status in children undergoing hypospadias repair surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-II, undergoing selective surgery for hypospadias repair.

Exclusion Criteria:

• a history of developmental delay or mental retardation, which could make observational pain intensity assessment outside the norm;
• a history of central nervous system diseases;
• a known or suspected coagulopathy;
• a known allergy to any of the study drugs;
• abnormalities of the sacrum and any signs of infection at the site of the proposed caudal block.