Sevoflurane and Intravenous Anesthesia in Hypospadias Repair

Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Age Group: Comparison Between Sevoflurane and Intravenous Anesthesia in Hypospadias Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Emergence agitation (EA), a phenomenon observed at the time of recovery from general anesthesia (GA).The cause of ED appears to be multifactorial in origin. Use of volatile anesthetics, prolonged duration and type of surgery, pain, and rapid emergence are some factors known to increase its incidence

The pathogenesis of postoperative EA is still undefined, but sevoflurane has intrinsic effects that may share in emergence agitation like its different electroencephalogram pattern from halothane, and its degradation to inorganic fluoride ions and compound A which may have a role in the occurrence of EA Sevoflurane now is the inhalational anaesthetic agent of choice for pediatrics, as it is non-pungent, with minimal airway irritation characters, and its cardiac adverse effects are minimal like cardiac depression and dysrhythmias.

Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using propofol and fentanyl appears to have a smooth recovery profile

Inclusion Criteria:

• ages 1 to 8 years
• American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, scheduled for hypospadias repair

Exclusion Criteria:

• children with a history of active airway disease,
• sleep apnoea, developmental delay,
• psychological,
• neurological disorder,
• cardiovascular abnormality or requirement of post-operative ventilation,
• hepatic impairment, and renal insufficiency, with active upper respiratory tract infection