Urinary Biomarkers in Overactive Bladder in Children

Role of Urinary Neurotrophin and Cytokine Levels in Diagnosis and Management of Overactive Bladder in Children

It is a single-center, prospective, interventional, single-arm study. Aim is to investigate which variables are significantly correlated with prolonged anticholinergic treatment (>6 months) in children with overactive bladder (OAB). Investigated variables will include urinary neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines, sonographic biomarkers, symptom score scale, demographics, and urodynamic findings. Secondary aim is to analyze sensitivity and specificity of urinary biomarkers in diagnosis and management of OAB compared to urodynamics and treatment outcome.

Inclusion Criteria:

• urgency with or without frequency, incontinence, enuresis, or nocturia
• an unremarkable clinical examination
• a minimum of 3 micturitions per day
• informed oral and written consent from the child and both parents/legal guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

• acute urinary tract infection
• diseases of central or peripheral nerve system
• anomalies of lumbosacral region
• bladder outlet obstruction
• operative procedures or anomalies of urinary or genital tract
• hypercalcuria, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus
• neurogenic bladder
• constipation or fecal incontinence
• urolithiasis, depression, eating disorders or cardio-metabolic diseases
• prior use of anticholinergic treatment during the last year